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PRESENTED BY 






cTWaine 
One Hundred Years 



1820-1920 



JOHN FRANCIS SPRAGUE 
Editor 



REPRINT FROM 

SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 

DOVER, MAINE 

1920 



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Editor 
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WILLIAM KING, GOVERNOR OF MAINE IN 1820. 
The first Governor of Maine; born Scarboro, Maine, February 9, 1788; located 
in Bath about 1800 and became the leading business man of the town. He was 
a merchant and shipbuilder. Resigned as Governor in 1821 upon his appointment 
as a commissioner under the Spanish Treaty. Collector of customs at Bath 
1831-34. Died at Bath June 17, 1852. 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Maine * 

Maine's Admission to the Union 8' 

Biographies of First Maine Senate -- 1 

Beginnings of Masonic Grand Lodge 27 

Beginnings of Odd Fellows Grand Lodge 29 

State Burying Grouund •'*£, 

/ Tivo Maine Emmigration Enterprises 3& 

Favor Tavern, Dover ^~ 

Representative Men of Yesterday and Today 50 — 78 

Documentary '. 79 — 8fi 

Editorial .' 87 




Carl E. Milliken, Governor of Maine in 1920. 
(Photo by Clinedinst Studio, Washington, D. C.) 



Sprague's Journal of Maine History 

Vol. VIII Special Number, JUNE 1920 No. 1 



Maine 

(by the editor.) 

In this year of Our Lord, 1920, the Maine Centennial Committee 
has for Chairman of its executive branch, the Honorable Carl E. 
Milliken, Governor of the state, and for its able publicity manager, 
Mr. Daniel W. Hoeg of Portland, Maine. 

Maine has, in centuries past, had other publicity men to demon- 
strate to the world some of her capabilities and accomplishments; 
and there have been periods in her history when she was in dire 
need, but entirely destitute of such assistance. If in the tenth cen- 
tury, Biarne, Eric the Red, Leif and other bold Icelanders had taken 
a sleek and clever publicity man along with them to have made 
record of their discoveries on the coasts of the Gulf of Maine, as did 
wise old Captain George Waymouth a hundred years later, we 
would know more of just how and when Maine was first discovered 
than we now do. By reason of their inexcusable negligence in this 
respect we have to depend entirely upon what obscure and detached 
facts antiquarians may uncover among the sagas of the ancient 
Scandinavians. 

For many centuries of time in the history of the human race it 
took about a thousand years to uproot an old, and establish a new 
idea. 

When the prosecuting attorney of Athens proceeded against 
Socrates, the indictment found against him contained this count : 

Socrates is guilty of crime. First, for not worshiping the gods whom the 
city worships, and for introducing new divinities of his own. 

For a very long time the activities of the human race were based 
upon this hypothesis. 

That the earth was flat was, for ages, considered an immutable 
fact. A few had from the remotest times occasionally advocated 
the theory of its globular shape — Aristotle and Strabo being among 



4 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



the most famous — but it was generally regarded as a fantastic idea 
and had but few adherents. 

In the fifteenth century Christopher Columbus, when a young man 
became a sea rover — historical gossip hinting at piracy as well — - 
and sailed in unknown waters. In his wanderings he met adven- 
turous navigators, some of them descendents of the old Norsemen. 
He had faith in their traditional theories of a western continent and 
concluded that, despite the contentions of the learned, the world was 
after all a globe and not a flat piece of land. With the help of the 
King and Queen of Spain (more especially, it is said, of the Queen) 
in 1492 he upset this loved and venerable theory by discovering the 
new western continent. 

About as soon as the world had awakened to the importance of 
what had happened Alexander VI, Pope of Rome (1493) issued a 
bull granting the New World to the sovereigns of Spain and Portu- 
gal. In that age a papal bull was recognized by christian nations 
as a sufficient title to heathen lands. England becoming Protestant 
did not hesitate to protest against it; and as early as 1495 Henry 
ATI, King of England commissioned John Cabot and his sons of 
high standing as navigators to "seek out and discover and find what- 
soever Isles, Countries, Regions or Provinces of the heathens and 
infidels" hitherto unknown to all christians, and as vassals of the 
King, to hold the same by his authority. 1 

In 1502 the same King sent forth Hugh Elliott and Thomas 
Ashurst upon a similar mission. 

In 1524 Francis I, King of France, evidently questioning the wis- 
dom of longer following the old precedents regarding the validity 
of titles to heathen lands based solely upon a papal bull, possibly 
even then, having a prophetic vision of a "New France" across the 
seas, made his immortal statement to the other nations "that he 
should like to see the clause in Adams will which gave to his brothers 
of Spain and Portugal the exclusive possession of the American 
continent." 

As a result of this manifesto he is said to have sent out Verraz- 
zano, a Florentine corsair, who as has generally been believed, 
explored the entire coast from thirty (30) degrees to fifty (50) 
degrees north latitude, and named the whole region New France. 2 



1 Frederick Kidder's pamphlet on " Discovery of North America by John 
Cabot.'' N. E. Gen. Reg., Oct., 1878 — Charlevoix, Vol. I, p. 20. 

2 Chamberlain's Cenn. Address, p. 34, and his citations. 



MAINE. 5 

The late Charles W. Goddard, Commissioner to revise the stat- 
utes of Maine, (1883) in his notes on "Sources of Land Titles in 
Maine," published in his revision, first page, says that "in 1588 
Drake decided the issue regarding the titles to heathen lands by 
his victory over the Spanish Armada in the British channel." But 
it is evident that the doctrine was never enforced in reference to 
lands on the American continent. The discovery of America had 
so changed conditions that it was regarded as an extravagant claim 
no longer applicable, and it became obsolete. 3 

The entire broad expanse of Maine's colonial beginnings is a rich, 
instructive and enchanting field for the student of history. It leads 
one back through the vistas of the past to that period of time when 
by wars and revolutions a new spirit of nationalism was awakening 
in both England and France. Its roots extend into the very incep- 
tion of the struggle of the ages for the freedom of mankind. 

The restlessness oi Europeans in the sixteenth century evolved 
a new and unique class of men whose like the mediaeval world 
never before had beheld. Abandoning piracy they became explorers, 
discoverers of new lands and regions. Finding new coasts, bays, 
islands, mountains and rivers and applying new names to them be- 
gan to be more attractive than free-booting. Returning with car- 
goes of peltry and sassafras obtained from savages was as remuner- 
ative and less dangerous than the vocation of the corsair. 

And these daring adventurers of the high seas were the first to 
view the coast and bays o f Maine, made our first maps, found our 
great rivers and marked upon them the places where they emptied 
their floods into the sea. Their reports inspired the people of Eng- 
land with a desire to enter upon a career of empire business by add- 
ing to their dominions new colonies in this new world. 

They were the precursors of the British stock companies, char- 
tered and organized to engage in American colonization by such 
men as the Pophams and Ferdinando Gorges. An entirely new 
era was dawning upon mankind. 

In France new ideals burst forth seemingly more loftv than any- 
thing the world had known since the days of knighthood in the 
middle ages. At its inception the movement for colonization there, 
dominated largely by the Jesuits, was undoubtedly more spiritual 
than commercial. The government, the people of France and the 
Society of Jesus, then less than a century old, united upon an un- 



Wharton's International Law Digest (2d ed.) Vol. 1, p. 8. 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



dertaking as startling as it was magnificent. It was plainly a deter- 
mination to found in this unknown wilderness a new French empire, 
and to convert to the christian faith a continent of savages of whose 
origin, history, traditions, language or habits of life they bad not 
the slightest knowledge. 

The dawn of the seventeenth century saw enthroned in England 
and France, Elizabeth and Henry IV, two of the greatest sover- 
eigns that either kingdom had ever had. They were human. Each 
had the faults and limitations of the age in which they lived, but 
each were in harmony — possibly without a full realization of it — 
with many of the revolutions and protests, and with the progressive 
spirit of the day, which finally broke the bonds of mediaevalism. 

Maine's 250 miles of natural front of sea coast multiplied ( as Gen. 
Chamberlain estimated it) to an extent of 2500 miles of salt water 
line, contains some of the most historic footprints resulting from 
these European political upheavals, to be found in the American 
continent. Within its extent is also much of the battle ground in 
the century's conflict between the Anglo Saxon and the Latin for 
supremacy in the new world. 

Yet the period which marks the genesis of Maine's history is not 
all as plain and understandable as might be desired. All were not as 
adept in publicity service as were Champlain or Captain George 
Waymouth, who employed James Rosier as publicity man. His 
" true relation " of Waymouth's voyage illuminated a page of our 
history as did later the illustrious and picturesque Captain John 
Smith. Parts of it are misty though fascinating, and full of ma- 
terial for romance and poetry. 

Such was the story of ancient Norumbega, ever appearing upon 
history's pages, but never explained' never real yet always existing. 
Its fame attracted voyagers and adventurers for a time, and its be- 
wildering tales charmed the European mind. If a dream, it was a. 
beautiful one. It was an alluring phantom never chased to its lair. 
It was the will-o'-the-wislp of Maine's colonial history. 

And this is but a faint glimpse of the enchanting and romantic 
prelude to our history as a province, a district, and a state ; only ai 
part of what transpired here before the days of Sir William Phips; 
prior to Madokawando and Baron St. Castin and Sebastian Rale ; 
before the valor of Sir William Pepperrell of Kittery Point had in- 
scribed his name on the roll of Anglo Saxon heroes } before the revo- 
lutionary days when the names of Jeremiah O'Brien, Hannah and 
Rebecca Weston, James Sullivan, Peleg Wadsworth and Commo- 



PORTLAND SOCIETY OF ART. 



dore Tucker appear ; before the Act of Separation ; before the days 
of William King and John Holmes ; before Longfellow or Hannibal 
Hamlin, Dorothea Dix or Sir Hiram Maxim; before the days of a 
host of others equally as famous in each of these periods. 



PORTLAND SOCIETY OF ART. 

In the last issue of the Journal (V. 7, p. 230) it was stated by 
a correspondent that the late William Edward Gould " founded 
and was first executive officer of the Portland Society of Art." 
This statement is not correct. Mr. O. P. T. Wish, Secretary of 
that Society writes as as follows : 

" I find by the records of the Portland Society of Arts that its 
first meeting for organization was held at the suggestion of Hon. 
James P. Baxter at his home on December 19, 1881 ; that the 
organization of the Society occurred on March 3, 1882, and James 
P. Baxter was elected its first president; F. H. Bassett, 1st vice- 
president; H. B. Brown, 2nd vice-president; Wm. E. Gould, 
treasurer; Wm. S. Lowell, secretary; Hubbard W. Bryant, libra- 
rian, and for executive committee, Cyrus F. Davis, Chas. F. Libby 
and Geo. F. Mjorse."' 



SUMMER TWILIGHT. 
(Moosehead Lake.) 



Hushed in the waning afterglow, all nature brooding lies, 
Her colors slowly changing before our half closed eyes. 
The tints of twilight gather, vanish our lines of care 
As a thrush's cornet solo, poignant, dreamy haunts the air. 

The water softly pulsing laps the boat upon the shore, 
Two sweethearts tired, yet happy, each with tiptilted oar, 
Go loitering toward the home where peace and love abide, 
Pale stars come shyly one by one at drowsy eventide. 

EUGENE EDWARDS. 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Maine's Admission to the Union 

(BY ROBERT E. HALL. ) 

A paper read before the Cosmopolitan Club of Dover-Foxcroft, 

January 2, 1920. 

The jurisdiction of Massachusetts over what is now the territory 
of the State of Maine dates from the middle of the seventeenth 
century. 

Ferdinando Gorges, grandson of the English lord proprietor of 
Maine, iSir Ferdinando Gorges, sold the patent to the State of Massa- 
chusetts in it// f° r I2 5° pounds, a little over $6000. The pur- 
chase met with the approval of the inhabitants of the District of 
Maine because of the pressure of the Indian wars upon the inhabi- 
tants of the territory of Maine who received what assistance and 
protection they got from Massachusetts. 

From the histories, it cannot be ascertained just when the move- 
ment started looking to the separation of Maine from Massachu- 
setts. Apparently there was no sentiment in this direction until 
after the Revolutionary War but in 1783 there was considerable 
sentiment in favor of the separation of Maine from Massachusetts. 
At that time certain articles appeared in the Falmouth Gazette and 
there was considerable discussion among the inhabitants of Maine, 
the provincials advocating the separation on the ground that Maine 
was geographically separated from Massachusetts, which made de- 
lays and expense to the people of Maine since the courts, records, 
general court and government officials were all in Massachusetts. 

As a result of this agitation, in September, 1785, the Falmouth 
Gazette printed a notice requesting all those inclined to do so to meet 
at the meeting house of the Reverends Messrs. Smith and Dean in 
Falmouth, October 5 of that year, then and there to consider the 
advisability of having the Maine counties erected into a separate 
government and of collecting the sentiment of the people on the 
subject and to pursue some orderly and regular method of carrying 
this object into effect. Thirty-three gentlemen assembled as a result 
of this notice. The matter was discussed and a committee of seven 
appointed to apply to the several towns and plantations requesting 
them to send delegates to meet at Falmouth in January, 1786, to con- 
sider the expediency of the separation proposed. 

This movement attracted the attention of the government of 
Massachusets and Gov. James Bowdoin called the attention of the 



MAINE'S ADMISSION TO THE UNION. 



General Court to the matter October 20, 1785, referring- to the move- 
ment as "a design against the Commonwealth of a very evil ten- 
dency." The General Court at that session declared "that attempts 
by individuals or bodies of men to dismember the state were fraught 
with improprieties and danger" and a report of a committee was 
adopted declaring against such a movement. 

Nevertheless, in January, 1786, the convention called was held and 
a committee appointed to prepare a statement of the evils and griev- 
ances under which the people of the district of Maine labored and 
to make an estimate of the cost of a separate government. The 
committee reported nine grievances among which were those above 
mentioned, the others relating to denial of representation in the 
House of Representatives and to trade relations. The report of 
the convention wjas sent to every town and plantation in the 
district, and another convention was called. There were more 
than ninety towns and plantations authorized to send delegates 
but only thirty-one appeared, all from the counties of York, Cum- 
berland and Lincoln, and at that convention a committee was ap- 
pointed to prepare a memorial to the General Court asking for sep- 
aration. An address to the towns on the subject was also made, 
asking them to take a vote on the question and return the numbers 
for and against the proposition, and this address was calm and 
moderate in its language and respectful to Massachusetts. It was 
decided, however, that since so small a part of Maine was repre- 
sented at this last convention that the presentation of the petition 
to the General Court be postponed, and it was not presented for 
two years, until 1788, and was then tabled by the General Court. 

It is to be noted that, the movement was generally opposed by 
office holders under the Massachusetts government. 

In 1787 the convention met again and received the votes of the 
towns on the question of separation. There were ninety-three 
towns and plantations in Maine at that time. Only thirty-two 
made returns of votes, which aggregated 618 for separation and 
352 against it. The convention adjourned to September 5 and 
again resolved to collect the sentiments of the people but no action 
in this direction was taken. The convention adjourned five or six 
times thereafter but each meeting was attended by a lesser num- 
ber of delegates, there being only three persons present at the last 
meeting. 

Thus the first movement for separation came to an inglorious end 
but it did result in some considerable benefits to the people of the 



io SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

district. As a result of the agitation, the General Court exempted 
wild lands from taxation for ten years, ordered the construction uf 
new roads, granted to squatters one hundred acres of land on the 
payment of $5, established a term of the Supreme Court at \Yis- 
casset and incorporated Bowdoin College. 

Five years afterward, as a result of a petition by the Senators 
and Representatives from the counties of York, Cumberland, Lin- 
coln, Hancock and Washington, the General Court of Massachusetts 
in February, 1792, passed a resolve providing that the selectmen 
and other officers of towns, plantations and districts in Maine allow 
the people to vote on the question. As a result of this, eighty-nine 
returns were sent to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The 
vote was 2084 in favor and 2438 against separation. As a result 
of this vote, of course, the advocates of separation could make 
no headway with the members of the General Court and the matter 
was dropped. 

The advocates of independence, however, were not discouraged 
and in 1793 another convention was called which was held in De- 
cember but only fifteen towns were represented. Interest in the 
matter was so slight that the convention adjourned to October when 
a resolution in favor of the creation of the new state was adopted 
but nothing came of it. Two or three petitions were presented to 
the General Court in 1797 and were never reported by the com- 
mittee to which they were referred. 

In 1803 the inhabitants of sixty towns in Maine petitioned for 
separation but no action was taken. 

In i8t>7 Mr. Gannet of Gardiner, a member of the House of Rep- 
resentatives, presented a resolve in the General Court providing for 
a vote on the first Monday in April upon the question whether the 
senators and representatives of the District should be instructed 
to petition the General Court for separation. This resolve passed 
but the people of Maine were so eager that year to defeat Gov- 
ernor Strong and elect James Sullivan in his place that they gave 
no attention at all to the separation issue and the votes stood 3370 
for separation and 9404 against it. 

There was no further revival of agitation for the separation until 
after the War of 1812. That contest accentuated the discord be- 
tween the two parts of the Commonwealth. The people of Massa- 
chusetts were opposed to the war and this sentiment in Massachu- 
setts and other parts of New England which culminated in the 
Hartford Convention, so called, called forth much wrath in Maine. 



MAINE'S ADMISSION TO THE UNION. n 



A convention was held in Oxford County at which a resoluton 
was adopted to the effect that "It is expedient that the District of 
Maine constitute a part of the State of Massachusetts no longer 
than the State of Massachusetts gives support to the Union." 
This convention was held December 28, 1814. iSimilar resolutions 
were adopted in Kennebec County. 

Petitions for separation were entered in the General Court in 
1 81 5, were reported on unfavorably by a Committee to which they 
were referred and the 'Committee's report was accepted. This 
refusal of the General Court caused a great deal of agitation in 
Maine but there was a division of public sentiment in Maine on 
party lines, the Democrats being in favor of separation and the 
Federalists opposed to it, the reason for this political division 
being that the government of Massachusetts was in the hands of 
the Federalists but Maine had long been Democratic. Separation - 
meant a Democratic State Government with offices and spoils and 
the Federalists in Maine preferred the existing situation rather 
than a separate state government controlled by their political op- 
ponents. 

In 1814 another resolve was passed by the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature providing for a vote in Maine to get the 'sentiment for and 
against separation and as a result of this, a large meeting was held 
in Augusta in April cf that year and among the prominent men 
present were William King, afterward first governor of Maine, 
John Chandler, Nathan Weston Jr., and Henry W. Fuller, all well 
known Maine men who afterward filled important state offices. 
This convention adopted strong resolutions in favor of separation. 
It was unanimously "Resolved (therefore) as a sense of this meet- 
ing that the period has arrived when the best interests of Maine 
will be promoted by a separation from Massachusetts proper, and 
that we will individually use all fair and honorable means to 
effect these objects" and it was also resolved that the new state 
"would enjoy equally with other states the protection of the federal 
government in defending it from foreign invasion and in suppress- 
ing domestic insurrection," this latter resolve being a reflection on 
Massachusetts for its attitude in the War of 1812. It was here 
that the contest between Portland and Augusta as to which should 
be the capital of the new state was first observed, the opponents of 
separation in Cumberland county then declaring that the attempts 
at separation made by the inhabitants of Kennebec county were 
for the purpose of making Augusta the state capital and the oppo- 



12 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



nents of separation in Kennebec county used the same argument 
there in regard to Portland. 

Meanwhile, Massachusetts manifested indifference and the Bos- 
ton papers Tamely referred to the matter at all, the Boston Adver- 
tiser remarkingX" To us in this part of the state the question is of 
'comparatively trifling importance." 

At the April election 1816, other issues were largely disre- 
garded in Maine and the question of separation^naly considered 
and a large majority of the- senators and representatives elected 
were separationists, and the vote on separation was 10,584 in 
favor and 6491 opposed, although less than half the voters in the 
'District Avent to the polls. 

The General Court met on May 29, and feeling that there 
should be a further expression of the people of Maine on the 
matter, passed a bill giving the consent of Massachusetts to the 
erection of a new state, providing for the election of delegates 
'to a convention to be held at Brunswick for the purpose of form- 
'ing a constitution and providing the terms of separation and pro- 
viding further that the people of Maine should vote on the 
matter on the first Monday of September; at the same time 
choosing delegates to the Brunswick Convention, and providing 
that the convention should first count the votes expressive of the 
people's wishes and if it should appear that a majority of 5 to 4 
at least of these returns were in favor of the District becoming 
an individual state, then and not otherwise said convention was 
to proceed to form a constitution. This led to a very hot cam- 
paign in Maine and in this campaign it was suggested that the 
erection of a new state within the limits of another was for- 
bidden by the constitution of the United States, which read: 
"New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdic- 
tion of any other state; nor any state be formed by tne junction 
of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of 
the legislatures concerned as well as of the Congress." This was 
apparently an arguable point since Maine had no separate legis- 
lature and it is rather curious that it was not taken up in Con- 
gress and argued in the contest which there took place in regard 
to the admission of Maine to the Union, which I shall speak of 
later. Other arguments were advanced for and against sepa- 
ration. The Boston papers took slight notice of the contest. The 



MAINE'S ADMISSION TO THE UNION. 13 



final vote was 11,969 for separation and 10,347 against. This 
was not 5 to 4 but when the Brunswick Convention met the method 
of determining the vote was as follows: The convention adopted 
a report of the Committee which reported that the aggregate 
majority in the towns voting yes was 6031 ; the aggregate ma- 
jority in the towns voting no was 4409; now, as 5 is to 4 so is 
6031 to 4829; consequently, the noes failed by 420 to cast the 
requisite number. This absurd report, although accepted by the 
convention, caused a revulsion of feeling in Massachusetts. The 
Worcester Spy said, "It was a mode of calculation which in a 
school boy would merit a flogging." The report of the Bruns- 
wick Convention was referred to a committee of the General 
Court, which reported that it had no hesitation in rejecting the 
construction of the act by the Brunswick Convention, and this 
ended the movement of 1816. 

Apparently no movement was made in 181 7 or 181 8 nor until 
the spring of 1819 when the movement started again gathering 
more strength than any previous movement in this direction. A 
Committee of the Maine members of the General Court issued an 
address to the people urging them to select representatives favor- 
able to separation and urged the towns to present petitions. The 
peoole responded to this address and all the senators elected were 
in favor of separation and 114 out of 127 representatives, and 
petitions began to pour into the state house in May, 1819. The 
committees of the General Court to which the matter was referred 
reported that while nothing should be done to hasten separation 
the people of Maine should again have a chance to express them- 
selves by a vote on the matter, and the General Court passed a 
hill providing that a general vote was to be taken in Maine on 
the fourth Monday of July on the question whether it was ex- 
pedient that Maine should become a separate and independent 
state. The votes were to be returned to the Secretary of the 
Commonwealth and if the number of votes for the measure should 
exceed the number of votes against it by 1500, then and not other- 
wise the people should be deemed to have expressed their consent 
to the separation. The governor, in event the people voted by a 
majority of 1500 for separation, was to proclaim the result where- 
upon delegates were to be elected on the third Monday in Sep- 
tember, to a convention to meet in Portland, October 12, to adopt 
a name for the new state and to form a constitution. This hav- 



U SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



ing- been done, the convention was to submit the constitution to 
popular vote and if it were adopted by a majority of the people, 
it was to go into effect, Congress concurring, on the 15th of 
March, 1820. If the constitution should be rejected, the con- 
stitution of Massachusetts so far as it was applicable was to be- 
come the constitution of Maine, but the name chosen at said 
convention was to stand in any event. There were attempts to 
amend this bill by requiring two-thirds vote in favor of separation 
and a majority of 2500 instead of 1500, but neither of the amend- 
ments were accepted. The vote on this bill was 193 to 59 in the 
Massachusetts General Court and Governor Brooks of Massa- 
chusetts approved the act on June 19, 1819. The passage of this 
bill aroused, too late for effect, great opposition to separation in 
Massachusetts. There were communications reproaching the 
legislature and its members for an easy surrender. The result 
of the vote in Maine was a foregone conclusion from the start. 
Every county in the District gave a majority in favor of inde- 
pendence, ranging from 63 in Hancock to 3309 in Kennebec. The 
proclamation of Governor Brooks announced the result of the 
vote 17,091 in favor and 7132 opposed, a majority of almost 
10,000. 

The governor called upon the people to elect delegates on the 
third Monday in September to meet in convention at Portland 
on the second Monday in October as the act of the General Court 
provided. The question being decided, all antagonisms were for- 
gotten and those opposing separation acquiesced cheerfully and 
all urged a united effort in laying deep and strong foundations 
for the new state. The convention met and elected William King 
permanent president. According to the act of separation he be- 
came acting governor until an election was held and was there- 
after elected the first governor of Maine. Among the names sug- 
gested for the new state was Columbus and Ligonia but Maine 
was chosen by a large majority. The convention voted 119 to 113 
to call the new sovereignty a state rather than a commonwealth. 
The convention lasted two weeks. The constitution was adopted 
236 to 30 and the convention adjourned October 29. The popular 
vote on the adoption of the constitution as reported to the con- 
vention at its adjourned session January 6, 1820 was 9050 in favor 
and 796 against. 



MAINE'S ADMISSION TO THE UNION. 15 



Thus far we have considered the movement for separation from 
Massachusetts and admission to the Union as a separate state 
as it started, progressed and effected its end in Massachusetts and 

'Maine. 

Now we will follow the history of the admission of Maine as 
made at the National Capitol. 

In 1 819 it was evident that the free states of the Union had 
'done all possible for the extirpation of slavery and everything had 
"been done by the Federal Government which the constitution al- 
lowed., and it was evident, also, that a constitutional amendment 
would be necessary before anything further could be done in this 
direction and owing to the fact that a large majority of the states 
would have to vote in favor of an amendment, it was impossible 
to effect such an amendment. 

Of the thirteen original states, seven had abolished slavery and 
six had retained it. To these had been added Vermont, Ohio, 
Indiana and Illinois in which slavery was forbidden, and Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama in which 
slavery was maintained, thus making an equal number of states 
on each side of the slavery issue but the constitution gave Con- 
gress the power to create new states out of the territories of the 
United States, The abolitionists hoped in creating new states to 
make them free and thus in time to obtain free states enough in 
'the Union to effect the constitutional amendment necessary to 
abolish slavery. This attempt failed and its failure made a peace- 
able settlement of the matter impossible and led to the war of 
1861. It was at the time this fight was going on in Congress that 
the matter of Maine's admission to the Union was first brought 
to the attention of Congress. 

Missouri applied for admission in the congressional session of 
'1818-1819. When this petition for the admission of Missiouri 
was presented, the famous Talmadge amendment was offered in 
Congress, which provided that further introduction of slavery or 
'involuntary servitude be prohibited except for the punishment of 
crimes, and that all children born within said state after the ad- 
mission thereof into the Union should be free at the age of twenty- 
five years. This amendment precipitated a discussion which lasted 
more than a year, proceeding upon points of constitutional powers 
and public policy, the question being whether Congress had the 
power to impose restrictions upon new commonwealths which the 



16 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

constitution did not impose upon the original commonwealths. 
In February, 1819, the Missouri bill passed the House with the 
Talmadge amendment enacted a part thereof. The Senate passed 
the bill without the Talmadge amendment and returned the bill 
to the House, which body refused to agree to the striking out of 
the amendment. 

It was at this time, on December 8, 1819, that Mr.' Holmes of 
Massachusetts presented to the House of Representatives a pe- 
tition from the constitutional convention in the District of Maine, 
praying for the admission of Maine as a commonwealth into the 
Union. It is to be noted here that Maine did not ask the permis- 
sion of Congress to form a constitution and government, its repre- 
sentatives claiming that they already enjoyed the status as a part of 
Massachusetts, and there was some feeling in Congress that the 
people of Maine were guilty of undue assumption of powers. The 
petition, however, was referred to a committee and a bill was 
reported, providing for the admission of Maine as a common- 
wealth. When the bill came up for discussion, Mr. Henry Clay 
suggested its connection with the Missouri bill, but did not make 
a motion to this effect and the bill for the admission of Maine 
passed the House January 3, 1820 without restrictions or limita- 
tions beyond those placed by the constitution of the United States. 
On January 3, 1820, the House bill admitting Maine was sent to 
the Senate and was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which 
committee already had the Missouri bill and on January 6 the 
committee reported it to the Senate with an amendment author- 
izing the people of Missouri to form a constitution and common- 
wealth (government. The amendment contained no restrictions 
or conditions with regard to slavery. The chairman of this com- 
mittee was Mr. Smith of South Carolina. Maine would, of course, 
be admitted as a free state and it was doubtless thought by the- 
supporters of slavery that the bill so reported would pass, thus 
admitting a free state and a slave state at the same time, keeping 
the balance of power between the slave and free states 

Mr. Roberts of Pennsylvania moved a recommitting of the 
Maine bill to the Judiciary Committee with the instruction that 
the bill should be divested of the amendment in regard to Mis- 
souri, arguing that the two should be disconnected because Maine 
had already framed a constitution and was simply asking for ad- 
mission while the Missouri bill was simply to authorize the people 



MAINE'S ADMISSION TO THE UNION. 17 



of Missouri territory to form a constitution and government. 
This argument was opposed by Mr. Smith and others who argued 
that the two subjects were germane and any contrary appearance 
was caused by the unwarranted action of the people of Maine, in 
proceeding so far as they had done without asking the consent 
of Congress, for which wrongful procedure, presumptuous Maine 
should not be rewarded and respectful Missouri punished. The 
matter came to a vote and the Senate refused to separate the meas- 
ures. 

The bill came up for consideration and a motion was offered to 
amend the bill by a provision prohibiting the further -introduction 
of slavery into Missouri. The amendment was voted down. 

Mr. Thomas of Illinois here offered an amendment to the bill 
providing for the exclusion of slavery from the Louisiana terri- 
tory above 36 and 30' except within the limits of the proposed 
commonwealth of Missouri. It was at this point that Mr. Pinck- 
ney of Maryland made his famous argument against the power 
of Congress to lay restrictions on new commonwealths not im- 
posed by the constitution on the original commonwealths. The 
formal vote connecting the two subjects of Maine and Missouri 
was taken in the Senate February 16, and Mr. Thomas' amend- 
ment was adopted as a fair compromise and the bill passed the 
Senate February 18, 1820. The form of the bill was now a House 
bill in regard to Maine with the Missouri bill and the Thomas 
amendment attached. The House voted to disagree. The Senate 
voted to insist upon the amendments and the House immediately 
voted to insist upon its proposition. A conference was then held 
and it was agreed that the Senate should withdraw its amend- 
ments to the House bill for admission of Maine, that both the Sen- 
ate and House should pass the Missouri bill without the condition in 
reference to restriction of slavery in the proposed commonwealth, 
and that both the Senate and House should add a provision to the 
Missouri bill prohibiting slavery in the remainder of Louisiana 
territory north of 36 and 30'. The Senate and House voted the 
measures according to the agreed compromise. Thus the House 
gained it point of order in the separation of the subjects and the 
Senate gained its point of constitutional law in defending the new 
commonwealth against the restrictions not imposed by the con- 
stitution upon the original commonwealths and the two bodies 
compromised upon a fair division of the remaining parts of Louis- 



i8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



iana territory between the northern anti-slavery element and the 
southern pro-slavery element. 

The measures were placed before President Monroe for his 
approval and he called a cabinet meeting for the consideration of 
the subject, the question being upon the point whether this was 
to be taken as prohibiting slavery in the commonwealths which 
might be formed out of Louisiana territory in the future or 
whether Congress only intended to lay this restriction upon the 
territory merely for the period during which it was under the exclu- 
sive jurisdiction of the general government. If the former, the 
Missouri question would have to be fought all over again whenever 
a new commonwealth should be formed out of this territory. The 
cabinet felt that the prohibition applied only during the period 
before commonwealth organization should be established. Upon 
this basis, the President, believing the bill constitutional, agreed 
to the compromise and signed the Maine bill on March 3, 1820 
and the Missouri bill on March 6, 1820. 

Thus the question of the admission of Maine to the Union was 
involved in the . first Missouri compromise, so-called. The real 
question in issue, however, was never whether or not Maine 
should be admitted to the Union but the Senate joined the Maine 
and Missouri bills for the purpose of forcing upon the House its 
interpretation of constitutional law in the matter of the power of 
Congress to impose restrictions upon new commonwealths not 
imposed by the constitution on the original commonwealths. The 
result was the admission of Maine, the authorization for the in- 
habitants of Missouri to adopt a constitution and the division of 
Louisiana territory into slave and free sections on the parallell 
above named. 

Thus the act of the Massachusetts legislature or General Court 
providing that the separation act go into effect March 15, 1820, 
and the signing of the bill by President Monroe March 3, 1820 
made Maine's separation from Massachusetts and admission to 
the Union an accomplished fact March 15, 1820. 

On that birthday one hundred years ago the birth of the new 
state was appropriately celebrated all over Maine by the booming 
of cannon, display of flags and public gatherings. 



FIRST STATE GOVERNMENT. 



^v'%^ 



19 







?,,v 



f i* - 






Maine's First State Government 

Governor. 
William King 

Executive Council. 

Thomas Fillebrown, William Webster, Mark Harris, William 
C. Whitney, Isaac Lane, Abiel Wood, William Emerson. 

Secretary of State, Ashur Ware ; State Treasurer, Joseph C. 
Boyd ; President of the Senate, John Chandler ; Secretary of 
the Senate, Ebenezer Herrick ; Assistant Secretary of the Senate, 
Rufus K. Goodenow ; Chaplain, Rev. Elijah Kellog; Messenger, 
John Morrill ; Speaker of the House of Representatives, Benja- 
min Ames. 




CUMBERLAND COURT HOUSE. 
Built m 1816. Used as Representative Hall by the First Legislature of Maine. 



20 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Meeting Place of the First Legislature 
When the separation between Maine and Massachusetts took 
place, a building was erected in Portland the same year, to accom- 
modate the state officers and the Senate, on the lot adjoining the 
County Court House. It was called the State House, and was a 
somewhat pretentious building. The lower story was occupied by 
state offices, and the Senate when in session occupied the upper 
story. The House of Representatives did not meet in the same 
building. They held their sessions in a room in the Court House. 
The sessions of the legislature continued to be held in two separate 
buildings until the seat of government was removed to Augusta. 

Organizing the First Legislature 
(From the Eastern Argus) 

Portland, Wednesday, May 31, 1820. 

This being the day designated by the Constitution of this State 
for convening the first Legislature the following gentlemen being 
regularly returned as senators, appeared in the Senate Chamber at 
11 o'clock A. M. : From the County of York, William Moody, 
Josiah W. Seaver and John McDonald, Esquires ; Cumberland, 
Joseph E. Foxcroft, Esq. ; Lincoln, Nathaniel Green, Esq. ; Han- 
cock, Andrew Witham, Esq. ; Washington, Jeremiah O'Brien, Esq. ; 
Kennebec, John Chandler, Joshua Gage and Timothy Boutelle, 
Esquires ; Oxford, Samuel Small, James W. Ripley, Esquires ; 
Somerset, John Moore, William Kendall, Esqrs. ; Penobscot, 
William D. Williamson, Esquire. 

At half past eleven o'clock, the President of the Convention 
accompanied by the Treasurer and Secretary pro tern, and attended 
by the Sheriff of Cumberland, came into the Senate Chamber and 
the gentlemen aforesaid, took and subscribed the oath prescribed 
by the Constitution to qualify them to discharge the duties of 
their offices. 

The Governor having returned, the members of the Senate pro- 
ceeded to the choice of a President. John Chandler had 14 votes 
and was chosen. 

Mr. Chandler then arose and addressed the Senate as follows : 
The vote which you have now given, by which you have elected 
me to preside over your deliberations, confers on me an honor 
which I had little right to expect. I feel very sensibly the honor- 
able testimony which you have given of your confidence in me. I 



ORGANIZING FIRST LEGISLATURE. 21 

am, however, aware that the duties which will devolve on me will 
be arduous, and perhaps more difficult, in consequence of this being 
the first session of the Legislature, under a new government, which 
is now about to be organized. One better qualified to preside than 
myself, might well hesitate in accepting the appointment, and I 
assure you, Gentlemen, that nothing could induce me to accept it, 
did I not believe that the members of the Senate will extend to 
me their utmost candor, and aid me with their wisdom and expe- 
rience, while I shall endeavor to discharge the duties which you 
have assigned me. Relying therefore on your friendly assist- 
ance, I accept the appointment. 

It was ordered that Messrs. Williamson, Boutelle, Seaver, Ripley 
and Foxcroft be a committee to receive and examine the votes for 
Senators and report thereon. * * * The Committee appointed to 
receive and examine the returns of votes given in the several towns 
and plantations for Governor, report the whole number of votes 
returned to the office of the Secretary of State to be 22,914 ; neces- 
sary for a choice, 11,458, and that William King, Esq., has 21,083 
votes, and is chosen. No return received from the town of Green- 
wood, Oxford county. 



MEETING PLACE OF THE FIRST LEGISLATURE OF 

MAINE. 
When the separation between Maine and Massachusetts took 
place, a building was erected in Portland the same year, to accom- 
modate the officers and the Senate, on the lot adjoining the County 
Court House. It was called the State House, and was a some- 
what pretentious building. The lower story was occupied by the 
State officers, and the upper story by the Senate. The Repre- 
sentatives met in a room in the County Court House adjoining. 
Sessions were held in these two buildings until the removal of the 
Legislature to Augusta. The so-called State House was subse- 
quently moved to the corner of Congress and Market streets, and 
was destroy in the fire of 1866. 

JAMES PHINNEY BAXTER. 



54 



YEARS the Insurance Man of Somerset Co. 

Never a Failure— Never a Law Suit—What more do you want? 

(Member Soc. Col. Wars; Sons Am. Rev; Past A. A. G., G. A. R.) 

CHARLES FOLSOM-JONES, Skowhegan Maine 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Short Biographies of the Members of the 
First Maine Senate 

By Edgar Crosby Smith 

The limited space that can he devoted to this article obliges the 
compiler to make the space devoted to a member short ; giving 
the reader a key by means of which he may search further if he so 
desires. 

I regret that I was unable to find any data regarding two of 
these men and should any reader have information regarding them 
1 should be pleased to receive it. It will be published in a future 
number. 

The first Maine Senate had three presidents : 

JOHN CHANDLER, from (Monmouth) Kennebec county, b 
Epping, N. H., Feb. I, 1762; d Augusta, Sept. 25, 1841. Revolu- 
tionary soldier; Commissioned Brig. General during War of 1812; 
came to Maine about 1780 and settled on a farm in Monmouth. 
Senator and councillor in Massachusetts General Court 1803 ; mem- 
ber of Congress from Kennebec district 1805-09; "member of con- 
stitutional convention. Was elected president of the Senate on 
the convening of the legislature May 31, but resigned June 19 to 
become one of the first U. S. Senators from the new state ; served 
in the senate until .1829 when he was appointed collector of cus- 
toms for the port of Portland, which position he held until 1837, 
when he removed to Augusta. 

COL. WILLIAM MOODY, from (Saco) York county. b 
Saco, Mar. 15, 1770; d Saco, Mar. 15, 1822. Son of William 
Pepperrell Moody who came to Saco from Kittery in 1763. Col. 
Moody's education was limited but by native force of character 
and intellect he became a prominent citizen. He was a member 
of the Mass. House 1804-12; of the Senate 1812-20; member of 
the constitutional convention ; he was elected president of the 
first Maine Senate upon the resignation of John Chandler but 
served only a few days, resigning June 28 to accept the appoint- 
ment of sheriff of York county. He died suddenly in the midst 
of his useful life. 

WILLIAM D. WILLIAMSON, from (Bangor) Penobscot 
county, b Canterbury, Conn., July 31. 1779; d Bangor, May 27, 
1846. Graduated Brown University 1804; read law with Samuel 



BIOGRAPHIES OF FIRST SENATE. 23 

F. Dickinson, Amherst, Mass., and was admitted to the bar 1807 
and at once located in Bangor. County attorney 1811-16; mem- 
ber Massachusetts Senate 1816-20; member Maine Senate 1820 
and elected president of that body June 28, upon the resignation 
of Col. Moody. By virtue of that office he became acting governor 
early in 1821 when Gov. King resigned; representative in Con- 
gress 1821-23; Judge of Probate 1824-40; postmaster of Bangor 
1810-21. His greatest achievement was his history of Maine, 
published in 1832, which is his lasting memorial. 

SENATORS 

JOSIAH W. SEAVER, (South Berwick) York county, b 
Norwich, Vt.. Apr. 12, 1777; d Rochester, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1847. 
He was a teacher by profession and for many years resided in 
So. Berwick; was principal of Berwick Academy 1813-16. 

JOHN McDONALD, (Limerick) York county, b Go'rham, 
Apr. 6, 1773; d Limerick, 1826. He was one of the early settlers 
of Limerick; merchant; Major General of militia; for a number 
of years a member of the Court of Sessions; state senator 1820- 
24. He was the father of Moses McDonald, member of Congress 
and collector of the port of Portland. 

JOSEPH E. FOXCROFT, (New Gloucester) Cumberland 
county, b N. Gloucester, Mar. 10, 1773; d N. Gloucester, Sept. 
'i, 1852. Son of Rev. Samuel Foxcroft, first settled minister of 
'N. Gloucester ; merchant and one of the leading men of his town 
'and county; postmaster 1804-1844; representative to Mass. Gen. 
'Court, 1803-11; commissioned Lt. Col. of Mass. militia, Apr. 23, 
'181 1 ; senator in 1820; appointed sheriff of Cumberland county 
.'1821 and served until 1828. Bought township No. 5, Range 7, 
N. W. P. of Bowdoin College in iSo-i and at once commenced 
'securing settlers for the town; in 1812 the town was incorporated 
'and named Foxcroft in his honor. 

1 BARRETT POTTER, (Portland) Cumberland county. b 
Lebanon, N. H., Mar. 8, 1777; d Portland, Nov. 16, 1865; Grad- 
uated Dartmouth, 1796. Read law with Benjamin Gilbert, Han- 
over, N. H., one year, and finished his studies with his uncle, John 
Barrett at Northfield, Mass., and was admitted to practice in 1801. 
He at once located in No. Yarmouth where he remained until 
March, 1805, when he removed to Gorham. In June, 1806, he 
located in Portland as a law partner of Salmon Chase. Member 



24 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 



'of Ex. council of Mass., 1819; member first Maine Senate; in 
'1822 appointed Judge of Probate of Cumberland county, retiring 
in 1847. 

' JONATHAN PAGE, (Brunswick) Cumberland county. b 
'Conway, N. EL, Oct., 1777; d Brunswick, Nov. 18, 1842. Came to 
Brunswick in 1795 and commenced the practice of medicine there 
in 1808; senator 1812; member of constitutional convention; 
member first Maine senate, also in 1829. He was an original mem- 
ber of the Maine Medical Society and for many years an instructor 
in the Maine Medical School of Bowdoin College ; for more than 
20 years was a member of the Board of Overseers of the College. 
' NATHANIEL GREEN, (Topsham) Lincoln county, b 1782; 
d Topsham, April 12, 1848. Settled in Topsham, 1804; lumberman 
'and merchant ; member of constitutional convention ; member of 
'senate 1820-24 and 1826; member of house 1838-40 and 1846. 
Was sheriff of Lincoln county one year also register of deeds sev- 
eral years and at the time of his death was one of the county com- 
missioners. 

ERASTUS POOTE, (Wiscasset) Lincoln county, b Water- 
bury, Conn., Oct., 1777; d Wiscasset, July 4, 1856. Read law with 
Judge Samuel Hinkley and was admitted to the bar in Hampshire 
county. Conn, in 1800; commenced practice at Northampton, Conn., 
hut in 1801 came to Camden; in 181 1 was appointed county attor- 
ney and held the office until the separation; in 1812 was a senator 
in the Mass. Gen. Court from Lincoln county; in 1815 moved to 
Wiscasset; in 1819 was a member of the Mass. House and was a 
vigorous advocate of separation ; member of the first Maine Senate 
and in 1820 was appointed attorney general which office he held 
until 1832. 

DR. DANIEL ROSE, (Boothbay) Lincoln county, b 1771 ; d 
Thomaston, Oct. 25, 1833. Came to Wiscasset as a young man; 
'practiced medicine there from 1795 to 1823; member Mass. Gen- 
eral Court, 1808 and 1815; captain of militia in War of 1812; 
leading member of constitutional convention ; state senator 1820- 
'23 ; and president of that body 1822-23 ; removed to Thomaston 
in 1824 to become the first warden of the State Prison. Land agent 
1828-9 and 1 831. Selectman of Boothbay many years and held 
many other town offices. 

JOSHUA GAGE, (Augusta) Kennebec county, b Mass., 1763; 
d Augusta, Jan. 24, 1831. 'Settled in Augusta, 1795; member 



BIOGRAPHIES OF FIRST SENATE. 25 



Mass. House 1805-7; niember Mass. senate 1813-15; member of 
Congress 1817-19; member of Gov. Parris' council 1822-23. He 
was a member of the first Maine senate and was treaurer of Ken- 
nebec county 21 years; also a member of the constitutional con- 
vention. 

TIMOTHY BOUTELLE, (Waterville) Kennebec county, b 
Leominster, Mass., Nov. 10, 1777; d Waterville, Nov. 12, 1855 ; 
Graduated Harvard, 1800. He taught in Leominster Academy for 
one year after his graduation ; studied law with Abijah Bigelow 
of Leominster for a time and completed his studies with Edward 
Gray of Boston. Was admitted to the bar in 1804 and came to 
Waterville ; he served six years in the Maine senate and six years 
in the House ; was always active in municipal affairs. He was 
one of the founders of the Waterville bank in 18 14, a promoter of 
the Androscoggin & Kennebec Railroad in 1847. 

CHARLES MORSE, (Wilton) Kennebec county, b Sutton, 
Mass., Oct. 2y, 1785 ; d Wilton, May 30, 1845. Mr. Morse was 
elected a Kennebec Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the resig- 
nation of John Chandler to become a U. S. senator; settled in 
Wilton in 1809 and became a leading citizen; colonel in militia; 
prominent in temperance and abolition movements. 

ANDREW WITH AM, (Bluehill) Hancock count)', b Brad- 
ford, Mass., Nov. 11, 1768; d Bluehill May, 1858. Came to Blue- 
hill a young man and became a leading merchant and ship owner ; 
niember constitutional convention; member senate 1820, 21, 23 and 
29; member House, 1831. 

GEN. GEORGE ULMER, (Lincolnville) Hancock county, b 
Waldoboro, Feb. 25, 1756; d Lincolnville in 1826. He was of 
German descent, his parents being among the immigrants brought 
'to Broad Bay by Gen. Waldo. Revolutionary soldier ; major gen- 
eral in militia; member of Mass. legislature, 1806-1807; member- 
first Maine senate. The Ulmers were among the earliest and most 
important settlers of Duck Trap, now Lincolnville. 

JEREMIAH O'BRIEN, (Machias) Washington county, b 
Machias, Jan. 21, 1778; d Boston, Mass., May 30, 1858. Son of 
Gideon, who was one of the famous O'Brien family of Machias 
that took part and led off in the first naval battle of the Revolution ; 
Gideon was a member of the crew of the " Unity " which captured 
the Margaretta. Jeremiah was a member of the Maine senate 



26 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



1820-1823, and 1835; member of the House 1832 and 1834; repre- 
sentative in Congress 1823- 1829. 

DR. SAMUEL SMALL. (Jay) Oxford county, b New York 
state. 1785 ; d Wilton, 1869. Came to Jay from New York state 
and settled on Jay Hill ; he was a scholarly gentleman and a wit ; 
town clerk 1805-1809; medical examiner during War of 1S12. 

JAMES W. RIPLEY, Oxford county. Xo data available. 

JOHN MOORE. Somerset county. No data available. 

WILLIAM KENDALL. (Fairfield) Somerset county, b July 
11. 1759; d Fairfield. Aug. 11, 1827. He was a Revolutionary sol- 
'dier and came, to what after his settlement there, was called Ken- 
'dalls' Mills, and later Fairfield, soon after the close of the Revolu- 
tion ; he acquired the water power there and he and his sons devel- 
oped it. He was a member of the constitutional convention; 
member of the first Maine senate; sheriff of Somerset county. 
He was a major general of the militia. 



Frvburg, named for Joseph Frye, is one of the most distin- 
guished towns in Maine. It has a notable history. Within its bor- 
ders the Pequaket tribe of Indians under its celebrated chief Pau- 
gus, had its ancient seat and here on Battle brook which empties 
into a beautiful lake, in May, 1725, was the fearful fight between 
the savages and Capt. John Lovewell's company from Dunstable 
and vicinity, in which the Indian chief was slain and the tribe prac- 
tically destroyed. Of 34 scouts in the engagement, 17 lived to 
return to their homes. 

Among those killed were Captain Love well and the chaplain ; Jona- 
than Frye, a promising young man, then recently a graduate of Har- 
vard was mortally wounded. Besides Chief Paugus, shot by Ensign 
Wyman, over 50 of the Indian warriors lost their lives. It was a 
fierce death grapple between the contending forces. 

Fryeburg was settled in 1763, and by the time of the opening of 
the Revolutionary war in 1775, by the British attack on Lexington 
and Concord, it was a flourishing plantation. In January, 1777, 
it was incorporated as a town, the only one at that period in what 
is now the county of Oxford. 



MASONIC GRAND LODGE. 2j 



Beginning of the Masonic Grand Lodge 
of Maine 

(From Eastern Argus of January 2j , 1820.) 

On Saturday last the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons 
of Maine was consecrated, and its officers installed in this town 
in presence of the most numerous concourse of citizens we recollect 
ever to have seen on any occasion in Maine. The scene was ren- 
dered doubly interesting by the presence of our Chief Magistrate 
as Grand Master of Masons in Maine, and by the attendance of the 
Grand Lodge of Xew Hampshire. At 11 o'clock A. M. the Grand 
Lodge of Xew Hampshire was introduced to the Grand Lodge of 
Maine, by whom they were received in ancient form, affectionately 
welcomed by the Grand Master in the chair, who delivered a suit- 
able address on the occasion. At 12 o'clock a procession was 
formed of the new Grand Lodge and about three hundred of the 
fraternity, which escorted the Grand Lodge of Xew Hampshire to 
the Rev. Mr. Payson's meeting house. 

Here were held appropriate exercises. The prayer was offered 
by the Rev. President of Bowdoin College, and an elegant and 
instructive oration delivered by J. H. Sheppard of Wiscasset. The 
prayer of consecration was by Rev. Mr. Tilton of Scarborough. 
At the close of the ceremonies of consecrating the lodge and instal- 
ling the officers, the brethren returned to Masons Hall and partook 
of a rich repast; after which were toasts and responses. The first 
'toast was by the Grand Master Governor King and was : " the 
memory of our departed Grand Master — the illustrious Wash- 
ington." 

(Eastern Argus, June 6, 1820.) 

At a Masonic convention holden in this town on Thursday last, 
the following Right Worshipful brethren were elected and appointed 
to the respective grand offices as follows : 

Hon. William King. Esq.. Grand Master 

Simon Greenleaf. Deputy Grand Master 

William Swan, Senior Grand Warden 

Nathaniel Coffin. Junior Grand Warden 

Joseph M. Gerrish, Grand Treasurer 

Robert P. Dunlap. Corresponding Grand Secretary 

William Lord, Recording Grand Secretary 



28 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

Joseph E. Foxcroft, Grand Marshal 

Rev. G. W. Olney, Grand Chaplain 

Henry W. Fuller, Senior Grand Deacon 

Josiah Calif, Junior Grand Deacon 

William Terry, Jesse Iobinson, Eleazer Wyer, Nelson Racklyft, 

Grand Stewards 
George Thacher, Jr., Grand Sword Bearer 
Seth Clark, John P. Boyd, Pursuivants 
William Stevens, Grand Tyler 

( Eastern Argus, August 29, 1820) 
NOTICE 
Those physicians who were members of the Massachusetts Medi- 
cal Society at the time Maine became a separate State are requested 
to meet at Massachusetts Hall in Brunswick, on Wednesday the 
'6th of September next, at 5 o'clock P. M. for the purpose of 
organizing a Medical Society for the State of Maine. 

JOSEPH GILMAN, 
AMMI R. MITCHELL, 
TIMOTHY LITTLE, 
SAMUEL WEED, 
JOHN MERRILL, 
Censors for the 1 District of Maine at the time of the Separation 
from Massachusetts. 
Portland, Aug. 29, 1820. 



Census of Maine in 1820 

The census of the new State of Maine, by counties was as fol- 
lows : 

York county, population 42,284 

Cumberland county, population 49*339 

Lincoln county, population 52,953 

Penobscot county, population I 3>93 1 

Washington county, population 12,746 

Somerset county, population 21,698 

Kennebec county, population 42,632 

Oxford county, population. . . . = , 27,185 

Hancock county, population 31,071 

Total 297,839 



ODD FELLOWS GRAND LODGE. 29 



Beginning of the Odd Fellows Grand Lodge 

of Maine 

(From the Journal of Proceedings of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of 
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of the State of Maine.) 

' Maine Lodge — the first in this State — was instituted in the city 
of Portland on the 25th day of August, A. D. 1843. The first 
session of the Grand Lodge was in 1844. The first page of its 
record is as follows : 

Ancient Brothers' Hall, 

Portland, March 18, 1844. 

Agreeably to a call duly made by District Deputy Sire Churchill, 
the following Past Grands appeared as representatives from their 
respective lodges for the purpose of organizing a Grand Lodge for 
the State of Maine, viz. : 

Maine Lodge, No. 1, David Robinson, Jr. 
Maine Lodge, No. 1, James N. Winslow 
Saco Lodge, No. 2, George W. Churchill 
Saco Lodge, No. 2, George W. Warren 
Saco Lodge, No. 2, James Smith 
Georgian Lodge, No. 3, Lucius H. Chandler 
Ancient Brothers' Lodge, No. 4, Edward P. Banks 
Ligonia Lodge, No. 5, John D. Kinsman 

The meeting was called to order by District Deputy Grand Sire 
Churchill, who, after stating the object, authorized Brother Albert 
Guild, District Deputy Grand ,Sire of Massachusetts, New Hamp- 
shire -and Rhode Island, to officiate at the organization. 

The petitioners for the Dispensation then answered to their 
names. The Dispensation having been read, the petitioners pro- 
ceeded to elect officers for the ensuing year ; and the following 
brethren were accordingly chosen : 

Past Grand, George W. Churchill, M. W. Grand Master 
Past Grand, Lucius H. Chandler, R. W. Deputy Grand Marshal 
Past Grand, James Smith, R. W. Grand Warden 
Past Grand, David Robinson, Jr., R. W. Grand Secretary 
Past Grand, J. N. Winslow, R. W. Grand Treasurer 
The lodge then adjourned until 4 o'clock P. M. for the purpose 
of installing: the officers elect. 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



The State of Maine Burying Ground 

(BY EDGAR CROSBY SMITH.) 

From tombstone inscriptions by Edgar Crosby Smith published 
m the Journal (Vol. 5. pp. 153-158) August-September- October 
number, 191 7.) 

E. Lincoln 

of Portland 

Gov. of Maine 

Died 

Oct. 8. 1829, 

aged 40. 

In the state house park opposite the state house at Augusta, at 
the extreme eastern end and barely visible from the street, is a 
plain granite shaft erected by the state over the tomb containing 
the remains of one of her early governors. 

Enoch Lincoln, the third governor of Maine, was from a family of 
governors. His father, Levi, was lieutenant, and for a short time 
acting governor of Massachusetts, and his brother Levi, was gov- 
ernor of that commonwealth from May, 1825, to March, 1834. 

Enoch was born in Worcester, Mass., December 28, 1788. He 
was educated at Harvard and Bowdoin colleges, studied law with 
his brother Levi, and was admitted to practice in 181 1; practiced 
a short time at Salem and Worcester and settled in Fryeburg, 
Maine, in 1812. Removed to Paris, Maine, in 1818; was elected 
to Congress in 181 8 and served continuously until 1826, when he 
resigned to become governor of Maine, January, 1827. He was 
twice re-elected and died in office October 8. 1829, and was buried 
in the state park facing the capitol. 

In 1842 the legislature, by a resolve, appropriated three hundred 
dollars to erect " suitable and durable monuments " over the graves 
of persons interred on the public grounds and authorized the selec- 
tion of a portion of the grounds facing the capitol for the interment 
of " public officers dying at the seat of government." A tomb was 
constructed over the door of which is ensrraved on a marble slab: 



STATE BURYING GROUND. 



3 1 



ERECTED 

BY THE STATE 
1842 

A granite monument, enclosed by an iron fence, was raised over 
the tomb, on the west face of which is chiseled the inscription to 
the memory of Governor Lincoln. 




The Governor Lincoln Monument in the State of Maine Burying 

Ground, Augusta, Maine. 

(Contributed by Mrs. Lena R. Pierce.) 



A double row of stately elms extending from the street to the 
5epu!cher line a wa'k to the door of the tomb. 



32 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



W. DELESDERNIER 

of Baileyville 

Died Jan. 16, 1842 

aged 49. 

William Delesdernier was the son of Lieut. Lewis Frederick 
Delesdernier, a Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, refugee, who 
came to Machias in 1776. In May, 1777, he was commissioned 
first lieutenant in the Continental Army by Col. John Allan, and 
acted as his secretary while Col. Allan commanded the Eastern 
Indians. Soon after the close of the Revolution he removed to 
Passamaquoddy and was the first collector of customs and the first 
postmaster of Eastport. 

William was born at Eastport in 1792 or 1793 and in his young 
manhood was a merchant in his native town. He removed to Calais 
about 1830. He was active in politics and in 1831 was a represen- 
tative in the state legislature from the latter town. He was sheriff 
of Washington county in 1833, '34, and '35. He removed to Bailey- 
ville and in 1838, '39, '40 and '41 represented the Baileyville class 
in the state legislature. In 1841 he was elected one of the Wash- 
ington county senators and took his seat January 5, 1842. He was. 
stricken with a fatal illness and died at the seat of government,. 
January 16, 1842, and was buried in the state grounds. 

It was undoubtedly the interment of Mr. Delesdernier in the 
state grounds that hastened the action of the legislature in dedicat- 
ing a spot for the burial of officers of the state and erecting a suit- 
able memorial. A resolve was introduced in the Senate in 1841 to 
erect a memorial to Governor Lincoln, but it seems that the House 
took no action thereon. In 1842 the House took the initiative, the 
Senate concurred, and the State Burial Ground was laid out and a 
tomb and monument erected. 

J. CUSIHMAN 

of Winslow, 

Died Jan. 27, 1834. 

Aged 70. 

Sometimes the memorial erected over the mortal remains of the 
departed serves as something of an index to the principal events of 
a life. Not so, however, in this case. He who scans this simple 
inscription obtains no hint of any of the events in which this man 
participated. 

Joshua Cushman, son of Abner and Mary (Tillson) Cushman, 
born in Halifax, Massachusetts, 1758 or '59; soldier of the Revolu- 



STATE BURYING GROUND. 33 

tion for three years ; suffered at Valley Forge and witnessed 
Burgoyne's surrender. He was a graduate of Harvard in the class 
of 1788, and on June 10, 1795, was ordained as the first town min- 
ister of Winslow, which then included Waterville. He served the 
people of that town in this capacity for nineteen years, when, in 
1814, by mutual consent and with feelings of mutual regret the 
relations between them were severed. 

In 1810 he served Kennebec county as a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Senate; in 181 1 and 1812 the town of Winslow as a repre- 
sentative in the Massachusetts legislature. In 1819 he was elected 
a member of Congress for the Kennebec District, and served three 
full terms. He was a man of influence in the national house, his 
broad views and gift of oratory making him a powerful advocate 
or a strong opponent. 

He was a member of the Maine Senate in 1828 and in 1833 was 
elected to represent the town of Winslow in Maine House of Repre- 
sentatives. He presided at the organization of the House, January 
1, 1834, but was in feeble health and twenty-six days later, January 
27, he died. His body was interred in the state grounds. 

In 1843 a resolve was passed by the legislature directing the 
superintendent of public buildings to deposit his remains in the 
state tomb and to inscribe his name on the monument surmounting 
the same. 

C. WATERHOUSE 

of China, 

Clerk, 

Died March 1, 1839, 

Aged 38. 

Of Charles Waterhouse I am unable to find much data. He was 
first elected clerk of the House of Representatives in 1837, when 
the record gives his residence as Augusta. He was not a clerk in 
1838, but 1839 ne was again elected and his residence is then given 
as China. He died March 1, during the session, was buried in the 
state grounds, and in 1843 his remains were deposited in the state 
tomb and his name placed upon the monument. 

No more interments have been made in the state grounds since 
1842. For three-fourths of a century the tomb and monument have 
stood as a memorial to these four men who died at the seat of 
government while in the service of the state, and today very few 
residents of Maine know that such a memorial exists. 



34 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



The First Baptist Church in Maine 

(Lewiston Journal Magazine) 

During the Revolutionary War, in the same year that Rev. Ben- 
jamin Randall, the founder of the Free Will Baptist denomination, 
organized the first church in New Durham, N. H., — 1780 — he made 
bis first tour into Maine, visiting several towns on the Saco river. 

At Little Falls Plantation, afterwards Phillipsburg and now 
Hollis, many believers were baptized and a church was organized. 
Three years later Randall and other ministers, who preached a free 
and full salvation, felt the need of regular associations of some 
kind, They found, too, that the churches needed some organized 
bond of union, some authorized body to look after their interests, 
and some appropriate tribunal for counsel and appeal. And it 
was believed, also, that some combined effort for the worship of 
God and the salvation of souls would be blessed by tiie " Great 
Head of the Church." 

Arrangements were therefore made for a convention to be held 
in Hollis, in October, 1783. The result of that meeting was an 
agreement to hold a " general meeting " at different places four 
times a year to be composed of ministers and delegates trom the 
churches. The Convention again met at Hollis on Saturday, Dec. 
6, 1783, when the meeting was permanently organized with Mr. 
Randall moderator and Mr. Tingley as clerk. Sunday was a day 
of rest and worship. On Monday is was voted to meet quarterly 
for the advancement of " Christ's glorious Cause " and from this 
circumstance the meeting was called the " Quarterly Meeting." 
The times and places of its future sessions were fixed as follows : 

New Gloucester, first Saturday in March ; New Durham, N. H., 
first Saturday in June; Woolwich, first Saturday in September; 
Hollis, first Saturday in December. 

The first yearly meeting was instituted in ^92 ; general Con- 
ference in 1827; Maine Free Baptist Association in 1889. The 
General Conference changed its name from Free Will Baptist to 
Free Baptist in 1889. The Free Baptist Association is merged 
with the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention to help form the 
United Baptist Convention of Maine in Oct. 7, 191 5. rJaptist and 
Free Baptist churches in the northern part of York county formed 
the North York Association, Sept. 27, 1916. 



FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN MAINE. 35 



The: List of Ministers. 

1838, Rev. Oliver McKenney ; 1839, Lewis Witham ; 1841, 
Franklin Morrill; 1841., Lewis Witham; 1841, Novum Foss ; 
1844, William Y. Smith; 1845, Samuel Fabyan ("Father 
Fabyan"); 1845. J ohn and James Buzell ; 1847, Thomas Kenes- 
ton; 1850, Jacob McDaniel ; 1851, Stephen Coffin; 1852, Frank- 
lin Morrell; 1854, Theodore Stevens; 1856, Lewis H. Witham; 
1858, Daniel A. Maddox; 1858, E. Stockman; 1861, James Hodg- 
don; 1861, Moulton Hodgdon ; 1866, Ira C. Guptill; 1869, Per- 
kins Smith; 1871, Andrew Hobson ; 1872, Perkins Smith; 1879, 
Ed. C. Brown; 1880, Seth W. Perkins; 1883, Uriah Chase; 1884, 
Abram H. Milliken ; 1887, L. G. Clark; 1889, John Pettingill; 
1893, John D. Waldron; 1896, Burton Minardetal ; 1896, George 
A. Downey; 1898, Frank Willcock ; 1900, Friend D. Tasker; 
1904, James W. Williams; 1907, Samuel W. Brown; 1909, Guy 
Benner, Prof. Hodgdon, etc.; 1910, V. E. Bragdon ; 1910, Frank 
Long; 1910, W. R. Calder ; 1913, C. W. Ash; 1916, A. R. Turn- 
bull. 

The church has no settled pastor at present but hopes to be 
fortunate enough to secure one soon. 

The present church was built in 1840; the parsonage was bought 
in 1866. 

This historic church is situated amid some of the most delightful 
scenery of Kate Douglas Wiggin's country. A profusion of wild 
flowers in their season and bountiful orchard crops displaying 
their brilliant colors against the background of gray granite stone 
walls. The distant White Mountains and the sea 17 miles away 
mav be seen from the church. 

LUCINA H. LOMBARD. 



36 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

Encouraging Massachusetts Citizens to Emi- 
grate to the District of Maine in 1817 

(From the Dedham Historical Register (Vol. X, No. 3) July, 
1899.) 

Mr. C. K. Bolton, Librarian of the Boston Athenseum, recently 
called the attention of the Register to a folio broadside, printed 
in Dedham, which he had given to the Library of Bowdoin Col- 
lege. The title and description below, give some idea of the 
method of settlement of Maine lands in the early part of this cen- 
tury. It will be remembered that then Maine was a part of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

* * * Public Lands in the District of Maine for settlement. 

Broadside. 
Dedham, A. D. ALLYNE, Printer. 

The " Commissioners of the Land Office, having addressed their 
fellow citizens in July last, on the subject of settlements contem- 
plated on the public lands in the District of Maine * * * think 
it their duty once more to invite the attention of the industrious 
and moral husbandmen, who are destitute of farms, to notice the. 
proposals of a beneficent government, to improve their conditions 
in life * * * by a donation of one hundred acres of good land to 
every actual settler." They say that they " have explored and 
opened a road through the Commonwealth's land in the county of 
Somerset, north of the settlements on Kennebeck river, in the 
direction of Canada ; " that on " this road settlements may be made 
within one hundred miles of Quebec, sixty miles of which is 
through a settled country, that is frequently travelled with wagons 
in one day ; " that a " contract is made for building a bridge over 
the Moose river, which is the only * * * water obstruction to the 
traveller from Kennebeck to Canada," to be " finished m July or 
August next ; " that the " government of this state have provided 
for erecting a Saw and Grist Mill contiguous, for the benefit of 
the present settlement ; " that there " will be two Townships sur- 
veyed into lots of one hundred acres on this road, and offered for 
settlement immediately ; " that the " road from Penobscot in a 
direction for St. Johns, has been opened the last season a consid- 
erable distance ; " that the " government have directed a settlement 
to be made on this road * * * and Township Number Four, about 



BOWDOIN COLLEGE CLASS OF 1825. 37 

twenty miles distance on said road, is designated * * * for that 
purpose ; that " Five dollars expense will place any man on the 
spot, who will take a water passage from Boston early in May ; " 
that the " yoemanry of Massachusetts ' should ' duly accredit the 
amount of their fellow citizens living in Washington, Penobscot 
and Somerset counties, where the public lands now offered as a 
donation to settlers are situated ; " that the " Land Office in Bos- 
ton, northeast corner of the State House, lower floor," to " Loth- 
rop Lewis at Gorham * * * or Joseph Lee at Bucksport ; " signed, 
" Edward H. Robbins, Lothrop Lewis, Joseph Lee," and dated 
" Land Office, 2d March, 1818," the " Selectmen of the respective 
towns are requested to deposit one of these advertisements with 
the town clerk * * * and give publicity to the others * * * as 
there is reason to believe, that one notification of the 9th of July, 
1817, published in most of the newspapers, in August and Sep- 
tember last, did not come to the knowledge of one-fourth of the 
people of the State." 



The class which graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825 has so 
often been called "the famous Bowdoin class," that it is now an old, 
old story. In examining some newspaper clippings of 1875, we were 
again reminded of it by the following, written by a correspondent 
of the New York Tribune of that year, as follows: 

In the latter part of the summer of 1825 there passed through the turn- 
stiles from the College grounds in Brunswick, Me., 37 young men, namely: 

Charles J. Abbott, John S. C. Abbott, Thomas Ayer, Elisha Bacon, Samuel 
P. Benson, Alden Boynton, James W. Bradbury, Richmond Bradford, Horace 
Bridge, Geo. B. Cheever, Jonathan Cilley, Cyrus H. Coolidge, Jeremiah Dum- 
mer, Nathaniel Dunn, Joseph J. Eveleth, David H. Foster, Pat'k H. Green- 
leaf, Wm. Hale, Nath'l Hawthorne, John D. Kinsman, Josiah S. Little, 
Stephen Longfellow, H. W. Longfellow, Alfred Martin, Alfred Mason, Fred- 
erick Mellen, Mark H. Newman, Hezekiah Packard, Geo. W. Pierce, Edward 
D. Preble, Cullen Sawtelle, David Shepley, Charles Snell, William Stone, 
Edward J. Vose, Eugene Weld, Seward Wyman. 

Why would not this be an interesting subject for historical pa- 
pers by members of literary clubs, scholars in our public schools, 
etc. ? How many readers of the Journal can give accurate infor- 
mation about them ? 



38 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Maine as a District and as a State has had Two 
Successful Immigration Enterprises 

(by the editor) 

Two notable events once occurred in Maine more than a century 
remote from each other, which, if the policy of either had been 
pursued until the present day, might have made Maine in popula- 
tion, wealth and industry, as she is now in area, and in latent 
resources, one of the largest states of the Union. And these bring 
into view two honored names, one an adopted son and the other 
to the manner born, but both famous sons of Maine. 




General Samuel Waldo. 

Probably all of our readers have knowledge of the 'act that a 
large tract of land in eastern Maine is known as the Waldo Patent. 
Every lawyer, every land surveyor, and all having knowledge of 
land titles here, know that the letters " N. W. P." as applied to 
a township in Maine signifies that it is lying north of the Waldo 
Patent. But it would not be at all remarkable if some are not 
entirely familiar with its history. 

Two hundred and ninety-one years ago the Plymouth Council 
made a grant of a large tract of land situated between the Mus- 
congus and Penobscot rivers, to a couple of Englishmen, named, 
respectively, Beauchamp and Leverett. For a long period of time 
there was much litigation by numerous parties and claimants in 



TWO MAINE IMMIGRATION ENTERPRISES. 39 



many courts in both England and America regarding the titles to 
this grant. One of these contested claims was based upon a deed 
of a portion of it from Madockawando, a chief of the Penobscot 
tribe, ( a famous name in the colonial history of Maine, and in 
romance and poetry) to Gov. Phips in 1694. About 1750 a part 
of this grant was owned and under control of Gen. Samuel Waldo 
of old Falmouth in the District of Maine. He was second in com- 
mand under Pepperrell at Louisburg and is a person of renown 
in the early history of the District of Maine. 

In the year 1753 he went to Germany as agent for the owners 
of this patent to procure emigrants to settle on this land. This 
effort was the beginning of quite a large and prosperous settlement 
at Broad Bay, now Waldoboro, and that vicinity. 

So far as we are aware no other similar attempt was ever made 
until 117 years later after Maine had enjoyed a half century of 
statehood. 

In 1870 it was repeated by William Widgery Thomas, a bright 
young man, who like General Waldo was also a resident and a 
native as well, of old Falmouth, then the city of Portland. 

Born in 1839 ne graduated at Bowdoin in i860. Left his law 
study in 1862, and as U. S. bearer of despatches, carried a treaty 
to Turkey. This was the beginning of a notable, diplomatic career. 

Becoming Vice-Consul-General at Constantinople, he was later 
appointed by President Lincoln one of the thirty " war consuls " 
of the United States and sent to Gothenburg, Sweden. In 1865, 
having resigned his office, he returned to his home in Portland. 
His residence in Sweden, his intercourse with and study of the 
Swedes convinced him that if a colony of them could be induced 
to settle in Maine, they would be of great advantage in helping 
to develop the state. Obsessed with this idea for three or four 
years he was an agitator, a crusader. A brilliant writer and a 
public speaker of grace and eloquence, his message to Maine dur- 
ing that time was read and heard almost daily by its citizens, for 
his publicity work in the press of Maine was unceasing and his 
eloquent voice advocating the scheme was heard in nearly all the 
cities and larger towns of the state. At last he won a victory. 
The legislature of 1870 adopted his plan and Governor Chamber- 
lain appointed him Commissioner of Immigration. 

He went to Sweden that year and returned with a colony of 51 
persons and established it in the wilds of Northern Aroostook, 
and on July 22, 1870, New Sweden in Maine was born. 



4 o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 



Today they constitute two thrifty and prosperous towns, New 
Sweden and Stockholm, with a total population of more than 
3000 inhabitants and an assessed valuation of over a half million 



•■-■ :■-. 



■■-.-■ 

■ 

HBBr 

■ .■■ 



■;.. 



■ 





Honorable William Widgiery Thomas. 

dollars, besides hundreds of other thrifty Scandinavians who have 
followed them there and who are dwelling in neighboring towns. 
'And today in Waldoboro and other Maine coast towns the 
descendants of that first migration are among the most worthy and 
'substantial citizens of that part of Maine. 



TWO MAINE IMMIGRATION ENTERPRISES. 



4i 



These two examples of what " might have been " here in Maine, 
bespeak in undeniable facts with vastly more force and eloquence 
than can be conveyed by words, the wisdom and foresight of 
General Waldo in the 18th, and of the Honorable William Widgery 
Thomas in the 19th century. 

1 Is this not a strange array of facts?' — Both of these attempts 
at inducing foreign immigration to Maine were eminently success- 
ful, and yet, the policy of our state was so — well, we will not say 
•stupid, but, perhaps, absurdly ultra-conservative, that it was 
abandoned, and opportunity turned away when it knocked at our 
door. 

' Later Mr. Thomas had a long and distinguished career as Min- 
ister and Ambassador to Sweden, serving 15 years under the 
appointment of three presidents. 

Mr. Thomas is an entertaining writer and has written exten- 
sively. His book Sweden and the Swedes, a richly illustrated 
volume of 750 pages, published by Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago, 
in 1892, and republished in both the English and Swedish lan- 
guages, is his most famous work as an author. 

In 1887 he married a Swedish lady of noble birth, whose death 
occurred in 1912 and on June 2, 1915, he married the youngest 
sister of his first wife. 

1 While their real home is yet in Portland, they spend a part of 
their time in Sweden. 




In Old Falmouth, now Portland, .Maine. 



42 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Pilgrims in Maine 

In my talk to the Rotary Club of Lewiston and Auburn January 
30th, 1920, on the subject of the Pilgrims of the Mayflower in 
Maine. I submitted nine points of interest to be remembered and 
considered by the people of Maine. I note with great satisfaction 
that seven of these points have been published by you, and appears 
in Vol. 7, No. 4, page 234 of Sprague's Journal of Maine History. 
It is equally important to have the other two points remembered 
and considered by the people of Maine. They are as follows : 

Eight. That soon (1920) the three hundredth anniversary of 
the Landing of the Pilgrims of the Mayflower will be celebrated 
in Massachusetts and elsewhere with great pomp and pageantry, 
and by the creation of some permanent and splendid additional 
memorial at Plymouth in honor of the Pilgrims. 

1 Ninth. Shall the rich heritage of Pilgrim history of Maine 
continue to remain without a permanent memorial monument on 
the cite of the abode of the Pilgrims at Koussinoc for a whole 
generation ? 

We then asked this question. " Would not the State of Maine 
reflect honor upon herself to erect a granite monument on the site 
of the abode of the Mayflower Pilgrims, in honor of those famous 
men who first opened the Kennebec valley to the early white set- 
tlers and transmitted their territorial rights to the present genera- 
tion? We think it would reflect great honor upon the State of 
Maine, to do this. My friends, any other state in the Union 
'would erect a monument two hundred feet high in honor of the 
Pilgrims if it had the Pilgrim history of Maine." 

Sprague's Journal of Maine History is widely read not only in 
Maine, but beyond her borders, and it is a good medium to reach 
those of historical tastes and all who have pride in the standing 
of the State of Maine, in preserving her historical sites. 
' It would be gratifying to me to have this communication pub- 
lished in the next issue of your excellent historical Journal. 

« 

ARCHIE LEE TALBOT. 
Lewiston, Maine, March 29, 1920. 



REVEREND JOHN SAWYER. 43 

Reverend John Sawyer 

(CONTRIBUTED BY WILLIAM C. WOODBURY.) 

1 The following paper, relating to Reverend John Sawyer, sup- 
posed to have been written by the Reverend Wooster Parker, was 
found among the papers of the late Major Charles H. B. Wood- 
bury of Dover, Maine : 

Rev. John Sawyer, a Congregational minister, now 
(iMjarch, 1852) living in Garland, Penobscot county, 
Maine, was born in Hebron, Conn., Oct. 9, 1755, being 
now in his 97th year. 

His father's name was Thomas, who had two brothers, 
John and Isaac. 

He moved to Oxford, N. H. in the spring of 1767. He 
had five sons and two daughters who lived to grow up 
and have families. The sons' names were Jonathan, Ed- 
ward, Ichabod and John. The names of the daughters 
were Mary, who married Tillotson, and Hephzibah who 
married Cross. 

John, now of Garland, graduated at Dart. College in 
1785, at 30 years of age. He was licensed and com- 
menced preaching in the autumn of the same year at 
Newbury, Vt., where he labored several months. Though 
licensed to preach, he spent several months first with 
Judge Nathl. Niles of Vt, then several with Dr. Saml. 
Spring of Newburyport, and afterward several more with 
Dr. Hart of Preston, Conn., in the study of Theology. 
He was ordained as pastor at Oxford, N. H., about the 
year 1788 and continued a pastor there about nine years. 
After his dismission he was installed pastor at Boothbay 
in what was then the " District of Maine," in or near the 
year 1798. 

In the year 1777, and while a member of College, he 
went on a campaign of one month as one of a Company 
of M<ilitia to Saratoga, N. Y., where the conflicting 
armies were rallied and where the celebrated Gen. Bur- 
goyne had surrendered he saw the arms and musical 
instruments of the general's army stacked up on the field. 
After that, when the Canadians came out and burnt 
Royalton, Vt., he was one of a Company of Militia who 



44 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



repaired to the town, but they had only to pursue the 
affrighted assailants one afternoon in their hurried re- 
treat, and were at liberty to return the next day. 

He remained pastor at Boo'thbay some eight or nine 
years. In 1800 he performed three months missionary 
labor, under the Massachusetts Missionary Society, 
mostly in the easterly part of Maine, and was the first 
missionary sent into that section. After his dismission 
from Boothbay he removed to Bangor about the year 
1804. There, before the settlement of Rev. Loomis, 
he supplied the pulpit of the First Congregational Church 
for about 15 months, and at the same time taught a district 
school. 

He traveled over a large portion of the State in order 
to fix on the best location for what is now Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary, in the establishment of which he was 
one of the earliest and most efficient movers. 

Since the year 1800 he has spent most of his time as a 
missionary and minister in the newer portions of the 
state. He has been able to preach and has done so almost 
constantly up to May, 1851, when he was disabled by a 
fall from his wagon. His health now is quite good 
again, so that he has rode into neighboring towns and 
preached several Sabbaths since the year 1852 came in. 
His health and strength are so good that he has chopped 
the greater part of the wood at the door for his fire this 
cold winter. His voice is still clear and strong, and he is 
able to conduct the services of public worship twice or 
even three times on the Sabbath with quite as much ease 
to himself as most young ministers, making each of his 
sermons at least 45 minutes long. 



Piscataquis to Mother Maine 

This poem from the pen of Professor William Smith Knowlton 
of Monson, Maine's famous " Old School Master " was written 
by the request of the Maine Centennial Committee. It was 
designed to be used with other poems descriptive of the different 
Counties of Maine at the contemplated pageant which was once 
intended to have been a part of the centennial celebration at the 



PISCATAQUIS TO MOTHER MAINE. 45 

city of Portland, but which was later abandoned by the committee. 
Prof. Knowlton has been quite a prolific writer of both verse and 
prose in magazines and newspapers. His most notable published 
works are the Old School Master or Forty-Five Years with the 
Boys and Girls (Kennebec Journal Press, 1905) Modern Classics 
(same publishers, 1912) and Sangerville Centennial Poem, 1914. 

A younger born of Mother Maine 

Piscataquis, rejoicing stands. 
She brings, resplendent in her train, 

True loving hearts and willing hands. 

The buzz of saw and whirl of wheel 

Makes her orchestral band complete, 
She brings her all with ardent zeal 

And lays them at her Mother's feet. 

She throws around her shoulders dear 

A mantle soft as eider down 
Kimonas made for evening cheer, 

And coats of grey and coats of brown. 

She brings her Jove-defying slate, 

To shield from snow and hail and rain, 

And masts for ships so tall and straight. 
To plow her ever-restless main. 

She wraps around her Mother's form 

A coat of beaver, fox or lynx, 
To keep her hands secure and warm 

A muff of otter, or of minks. 

She sent her boys across the sea 

To fight for Freedom and the right. 
The AVheatfield there will ever be 

Memorial of that bloody fight. 

Should hostile bands a«sail her gates 

Or enemies invade her beach, 
A Maxim (1) gun already waits, 

"With smokeless powder in her breech. 

Her eagles guard Katahdin's heights 

To watch for any hostile foe. 
On Eoarstone with her lakes bedight. 

On earthquake riven Kineo. 

(1) Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor ol the machine irnn born it Bpookwav'^ Ann* 
ftoffiwF™***? COunty -' Malne ' ™'- 5 ' ls4 °- ' S£d in Lonaon^EngYanl: 



46 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



And Moosehead with her woody shore 

Invites the weary to repose, 
On calm Sebec the sportsman's oar 

Bright sparkles in the sunbeam throws. 

And Mother dear we've other gifts 
We fain would lay upon thy knee 

Sweet Anna'.- (2) woodsong's rich uplifts 
And Sprague himself is History. 

But her best gifts to Mother Maine 
Free from mixture and all alloys 

Are her right loyal dames and men 

Her handsome girls and stalwart boys. 

The men we sent to speak for you 
At Washington we'll ne'er forget 

A Wiley, Rice, and Davee too 
And Guernsey's star is rising yet. 

Should gloomy care and doubts prevail 
And Somnus from your pillow fly 

We'll drive away each fresh assail 

With copious close of Our Bill Nye. (3) 



(2) Kefers to the late Anna Boynton Averill of Foxcroft (Piscataquis county) 
Maine, author of Birch Stream and other poems. 

(3) Edgar Wilson Nye, a noted humorist known to the literary world as "Bill 
Nye," was born in Shirley (Piscataquis county) Feb. 26, 1850. He died in Ash- 
ville. N. C, Feb. 2?, 1896. 




This engine was built by Robert Stevenson & Co., New Castle, upon Tyne, 
England, in 1835. Its rtrst trip over the Bangor, Old Town and Milford, 
R. R., later known as the Veazie R. R. was November 6, 1831. Its last trip 
was August 19, 1867. 



FAVOR TAVERN, DOVER. 47 



Favor Tavern, Dover 

(BY A MEMBER OF THE PISCATAQUIS BAR.) 

The accompanying picture is that of the once famous and historic 
Favor Tavern at Dover, Ale. It was once the most important stage 
tavern along the line of the stage route from the city of Bangor 
to Moosehead Lake. In its time it was not only the principal 
public house at Dover, the county seat of Piscataquis, but the most 
noted hostelry in the county and entertained in its day many dis- 
tinguished men. For several decades it lodged under its roof 
eminent judges and attorneys from all over the state whose busi- 
ness brought them to the regular sessions of the District and 
Supreme Courts sitting at Dover. It was the half way house 
between Bangor and the Moosehead Lake region where the lum- 
berman, the business man and the traveler for pleasure found it 
most convenient to stop off for lodging and refreshments. 

It is related that often times midnight parties arrived at its 
hospitable doors from Bangor and were served with food and 
drink in abundance regardless of the lateness of the hour, and 
from which they returned to the Queen City of the East in the 
early hours of the morning. 

It figured in a celebrated road case in which the Court held that 
a town meeting could not properly be held on wheels. It seemed 
that in the case in question promoters of a much desired road 
caused a town meeting to be called to be held at the Favor Tavern 
and on the day and hour appointed the proponents of the road in 
accordance with a well laid plan, fearing opposition to their pur- 
pose, arrived in force at the Tavern in buggies to which were 
'attached smart horses. The warrant being read by the clerk, a 
moderator was quickly chosen who called the meeting to order 
from the front door of the tavern, and thereupon a motion to 
adjourn to another part of the town four miles distant was made 
and carried, whips were cracked and the interested citizens of 
Dover departed at full speed to the point of adjournment where 
the meeting was again convened and the necessary appropriation 
voted long before the opponents could arrive on the scene. 

The late D. D. Stewart, one of Maine's most distinguished 
lawyers, frequently stopped at the Favor Tavern during sessions 
of the Court. He stated on one occasion an eminent jurist, later 



48 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, came to his room 
in company with men of local importance and proposed that they 
pass the evening by playing high-low-jack. Partners were chosen 
and the game went on until a late hour. Fortune favoring Mr. 
Stewart and his partner to such an extent that Mr. Stewart was 
watched with embarrassing closeness as he handled the cards. 
Mr. Stewart was a man of exemplary habits who neither drank 
nor gambled, but frequently during the evening the bell was rung 




The Old Favor Tavern. 



by his callers and the proprietor brought the customary drinks 
of the times to the room which were freely partaken of by Mr. 
Stewart's companions. Finally when it became time to close the 
game the gentlemen arose from the table and one of the opponents 
of Mr. Stewart in the game drew his pocket book and passed a 



FAVOR TAVERN, DOVER. 49 



considerable sum of money to Mir. Stewart's partner, who, observ- 
ing the astonishment on Mr. Stewart's face, promptly and vigor- 
ously remarked to him : " As you won't play for stakes, you can't 
have the money." Mr-. Stewart said he could truthfully state that 
he had gambled and had never gambled. A day or two later, as 
Mr. Stewart came to settle his bill with the proprietor, he found 
it amounted to more than he had expected, and on inquiry he 
discovered that the refreshments of the evening had been charged 
to his room so he promptly paid the bill, remarking that he " was 
glad to have the opportunity to pay for the Court's rum." 

On days of the general muster which were annually held in 
earlier times, the Favor Tavern entertained festive crowds, and at 
times of important horse trots for which the twin towns were 
widely known, its ample stables were filled with racers from all 
sections of the state. 

The Favor Tavern was built in 1834 by Edward R. Favor, a 
well known innkeeper, on the site of the homestead of the Hon. 
Thomas Davee, who later was Piscataquis county's first member 
of Congress. Mr. Favor acquired the Davee property in 1832, 
the buildings on which were destroyed by fire in 1834 and replaced 
that year by the erection of the Favor Tavern which was kept by 
Mr. Favor for many years. He was followed in the proprietorship 
by E. G. Thompson, Henry Norcross, Will Nichols, Solomon 
Chandler and Ira F. Palmer. Mr. Palmer was followed by Elihu 
Sanford as proprietor from about the time of the Civil War until 
the early eighties. 

The property was finally owned by Caleb O. Palmer, a well 
known citizen, financier and noted horseman of Dover, who 
appears in the foreground of the picture with his celebrated trot- 
ting stallion, Gloster, which held the two-year-old record for the 
state. On September 6, 1894, at ten o'clock in the evening, fire 
broke out in the stables attached and Mr. Palmer, who lived near, 
rushed from his house into the stables in an endeavor to rescue his 
wife's favorite horse and lost his life in the fire. 

The following year in 1895 the Tavern was torn down. Thus 
passed one of the important land marks in Piscataquis county. A 
portion of its site was set apart by Amanda E. Palmer for the 
benefit of the Thompson Free Library, and is known as the Caleb 
Orin Palmer Library Reservation. 



50 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Some Representative Maine Men of 
Yesterday and Today 

Note — The Journal acknowledges the kind co-operation of Dr. Henry S. 
Bur rage author of Maine in the Northeastern Boundary Controversy, in the 
production of this department. Through his courtesy we are enabled to pro- 
duce herein the following portraits : John Holmes, Albion K. Parris, Charles 
S. Daveis, Enoch Lincoln, Leuel Williams, John Fairfield, George Evans, 
Peleg iSprague, Edward Kent and William King. 




HENRY E. DUNNACK. 
Henry E. Dunnack, State Librarian since 1915. >was born in 1869, graduated 
from Bowdoin College in 1897. He was married in 1895 to Adella Smith 
of Dixmont, Maine, who died in June, 1913. Mr. Dunnack has two sons. 
In addition to his library work, Mr. Dunnack devotes much time to the 
lecture platform. Among his lectures, the following are most popular: 

Heroines of Browning and Shakespeare. 

Elijah Kellogg, the Boys' Man. 

The Achievement of Life. 

The Dream of Democracy. 

Maine's Part in Building the Republic. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



5 1 




PELEG SPRAGUE. 

Born in 'Duxbury, Mass., April 27, 1793; Harvard College 1812; admitted 
to Plymouth County Mass. bar in August, 1815, and located in Augusta, 
Maine; removed to Hallowell about two years later; member Maine House 
1820-21; U. S. Congress 1823-29; U. S. Senator 1829-35; appointed judge 
of U. S. District Court 1841 and served until 1865; died in Boston October 
13, 1880. 



52 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




JOHN KELLER A'MES. 

John Keller Ames of Ma- 
chias was born in East Machias 
November 2, 183 1, the son of 
Capt. Alfred and Mary (Kel- 
ler) Ames. Mr. Ames was 
one of the leading merchants 
of Maohias and was largely- 
interested in navigation and 
timberlands. He was select- 
man of his town for thirty 
years ; state senator 1893-96, 
and at the time of his death 
was collector of customs at 
the port of Machias. 

He married Sarah Albee 
Sanborn October 7, 1855. 
Children : Edwin Gardner 
Ames, Seattle, Washington ; 
Mrs. Anna M. Peavey, Ma- 
chias; Mrs. Julia P. Fuller, 
Providence, R. I. ; Frank San- 
born Ames, Machias; Alfred 
Keller Ames, Machias ; Lucy 
Talbot Ames, deceased. 

Mr. Ames died at Machias, 
March 22, 1901. 



GEORGE C. WING, JR. 

George C. Wing, Jr., of Au- 
burn, the son of George C. 
and Emily B. (Thompson ) 
Wing, was born in Auburn 
October 6, 1878. He was grad- 
uated at Brown University in 
1900 and at Harvard Law- 
School 1903 and admitted to 
the Maine bar in 1904, since 
which time he has been en- 
gaged in the practice of law ; 
served two terms as city solici- 
tor of Auburn and two terms 
as a member of the Auburn 
Board of Education ; was a 
member of the Legislature in 
1909, and is now a trustee of 
the Auburn Public Library. 
For a number of years he was 
connected with the National 
Guard and rose to the rank of 
Captain, receiving his honor- 
able discharge Januarys, 1912. 

Mr. Wing ; s unmarried. 




REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



53 




RUEL WILLIAMS. 
Born -Hallo-well, Maine, June 2, 1783; admitted to Bar 1802, and began 
practice in Augusta ; member of Maine House of Representatives 1822-26 
and 1829-32; Maine Senate 1827-28; U. S. Senator 1837-43; died in Augusta 
July 25, 1862. 



54 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




U. S. SENATOR FREDERICK HALE. 

Senator Hale, the son of former Senator Eugene Hale and grandson of 
Senator Zachariah Chandler, was born in Detroit, Michigan, October 7, 1874* 
his mother being Mary Chandler, daughter of the former Michigan senator. 
Senator Hale is a graduate of Harvard and for several years prior to his 
becoming a United States Senator practiced law in Portland, Maine. Mem- 
ber of Governor Hill's staff 1901-1904; member Maine House of Represen- 
tatives 1905-06; National Republican Committeeman 1912-18; United States 
Senator 191 7 to date. 

Senator Hale is a member of the committee on naval affairs, also tha 
committee on appropriations. 

Unmarried. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



55 



RUPERT H. BAXTER. 

Rupert H. Baxter of Bath, 
Maine, the son of James P. 
and Sarah (Lewis) Baxter, 
was born in Portland, Maine, 
July 26, 1871. Graduated 
from Bowdoin College 1894. 
By occupation Mr. Baxter is a 
canner and is prominent in the 
business interests of his city 
and of the state. State Sena- 
tor from Sagadahoc county 
1917-20. President Bath Trust 
Company and director U. S. 
Trust Compar- of Portland 
and First National Bank of 
Brunswick. 

He married, June 3, 1896. 
Kate Depuy Mussenden. Chil- 
dren : Mary Lincoln, born 
April 111, 1901 ; Lydia McLel- 
lan, born February 7, 1907. 





FRANK P. MORISON. 

Frank P. Morison, the son 
of John and Eliza J. (Ford) 
Morison, was born in East 
Corinth, Maine, August 14, 
i8;o, and has made that town 
his home during his life time. 
He is a large farmer and man- 
ufacturer of fertilizer, for- 
merly for many years was a 
lumberman. He has held va- 
rious town offices and was a 
member of the state legisla- 
ture 1913-14 and 191 7-18. 

Married Linnie M. Ames, 
September 19, 1893. No chil- 
dren. 



56 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




CHARLES S. DAVEIS. 

Born in Portland, (Maine, 1788; Bowdoin College 1807; was one of the 
leading lawyers of Portland. He was prominent in the .Northeastern Bound- 
ary controversy and was appointed hy Governor Lincoln to investigate the 
arrest and imprisonment of John Baker. He was the author of several 
reports and articles on the Northeastern Boundary controversy. Died in 
Portland in 1865. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



57 




LUCILIUS A. EMERY. 

Lucilius A. Emery of Ellsworth, Maine, was born in Carmel, Maine, July 
27, 1840, the son of James S. and Eliza (Wing) Emery. Graduated from 
Bowdoin College 1861 ; studied law and in 1863 settled in Ellsworth ; from 
1869 to 1883 was a law partner of the late Senator Eugene Hale. City solici- 
tor of Ellsworth; county attorney Hancock county 1867-71; state senator 
1874-75 and 1881-82; attorney general of Maine 1876-79. In 1883 he was 
appointed associate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court and served as such 
until 1906. From 1906 to 1911 he was chief justice of the Supreme Judicial 
Court of Maine, retiring to private life in the latter year. 

November 9, 1864, Judge Emery married Anne S. Crosby of Hampden. 
Mrs. Emery died in Ellsworth December 12, 1912. Children : Anne Crosby, 
born January 1, 1871, married Francis Greenleaf x\llimro ; Henry Crosby, 
born December 21, 1872. 



58 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




JOHX HOLMES. 

Born in Kingston, Mass., March 14, 1773; Brown University 1796; admitted 
to Bar 1799 and located in Alfred, Maine; member of Congress 1817-20; 
U. S. Senator 1820-1827 and 1829-33 ; member of Maine House of Repre- 
sentatives 1835-38; U. S. attorney 1841 until his death which occurred in 
Portland July 7, 1843. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



59 




IRA G. HERSEY. 



Ira G. Hersey, the present representative in Congress from the Fourth 
Maine District, was born in Hodgdon, Maine, March 31, 1858, the son of 
Samuel and Elizabeth (White) Hersey. He was educated in the public 
schools and at Richer Classical Institute at Houlton, Maine. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1880; representative to State Legislature 1909-12 and 
state senator from Aroostook county 1913-16; president of the Maine Senate 
1915-16. He -was elected to the sixty-fifth congiess taking his seat March 4, 
1917, and was re-elected as a member of the sixty-sixth, the present congress. 
On January 6, 1884, he was united in marriage with Annie Dillen. 



6o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 










ALBION K. PARRIS. 

Bom Hebron, 'Maine, January 19, 1788; Dartmouth College 1806; 
admitted to Bar 1809; member of Massachusetts General Court 1813 ; state 
senator 1814; member of Congress 1815 to February 3, 1818 when he re- 
signed; judge U. S. District Court 1818-20; governor of Maine 1822-27; 
U. S. Senator 1827 to August 26, 1828, when he resigned to accept appoint- 
ment as judge of Maine ISupreme Court serving until 1836; died in Port- 
land, Maine, February 11, 1857. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



61 



DELMONT EMERSON. 

Delmont Emerson of Island 
Falls, Maine, was born in that 
town April 20, 1864, the son 
of Martin L. and Belle (Carr) 
Emerson. For more than 
thirty years he has been en- 
gaged in the lumber business. 
His parents moved to Island 
Falls a short time before Mr. 
Emerson was born and took 
up a farm in that then new 
country and Mr. Emerson was 
born in a log cabin in the 
town which, since his birth, 
has been his home. Represen- 
tative to the Legislature 191 1- 
14 and State Senator 1919-20 

'He married, August 14, 
1888, Myra Hall Morrison. 
Children: Madella, born Jun: 
10, 1895 : Ro^well Delmont, 
born August 28, 1897. 





WILLIAM B. KENDALL. 

William B. Kendall of Bow- 
doinham is a descendant of 
William Kendall of Fairfield, 
one of the signers of the con- 
stitution of the State of 
Maine. He was born in Bow- 
doinham, Maine, October 19, 
1855, the son of James M. and 
Emily R. fWhitten) Kendall. 
Mr. Kendall is a fertilizer 
manufacturer and manager of 
the Sagadahoc Fertilizer Com- 
pany. He was a member of 
the legislature of 1907. He 
has always been interested in 
educational matters and for 
eight years was chairman of 
the school board of his native 
town. 

He married Ella C. Adams 
February 19, 1895. 



62 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




FRANK E. GUERNSEY. 

Frank B. Guernsey is a native of Dover, Maine, and the son of Edward H. and 
Hannah (Thompson) Guernsey. He was educated at Foxeroft Academy, East 
Maine Conference Seminary, Bucksport, Maine; Wesleyan Seminary, Rents' Hill, 
and Eastman Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York. He was admitted to 
the bar of the state in 1890: treasurer of Piscataquis County 1890-96: repre- 
sentative to state legislature 1897-1900; state senator 1903-04; elected as repre- 
sentative from the Fourth Miaine District to the Sixtieth Congress to fill the 
vacancy caused by the death of Llewellyn Powers and represented his district 
from December 7, 1908, to March 3, 1917. While in Congress he served on two 
important committees, viz. : Territories, and Banking and Currency. Mr. Guern- 
sey is president of the Piscataquis Savings Bank, Dover, Maine, and trustee of 
the Kineo Trust Company, also of that town. 

He married, June 16, 1897, Josephine Frances Lyford of Vinalhaven. They 
have one child, Thompson L. Guernsey, born February 17, 1904. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



63 




ENOCH LINCOLN. 

Born Worcester, Mass., December 28, 1788; attended Harvard and Bow- 
doin Colleges; admitted to Bar 181 1; settled in Fryeburg 1812; removed 
to Paris 1818; member of Congress 1818-1826; governor of Maine 1827 
until his death which occurred October 8, 1829. 



64 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




FORREST H. COLBY. 

'Son of Warren and M'ary W. Colby, was born in Bingham, Maine, Feb- 
ruary 4, 1869. He received bis education in the schools of his native town 
and for many years has been a prominent figure in the lumber industries pi 
his county. He made a special study of forestry and is recognized as a lead- 
ing authority upon that subject. 

Mr. Colby was a member of the 'Maine House of Representatives 1909-12 
and of the Senate 1913-16. He was appointed Forest Commissioner of the 
State of Maine in February, 1917. 

He married, April 28, 1891, Carrie Robinson. Children: Lena Mary 
Colby, born May 16, 1893 ; Florence H. Colby, born August 2, 1896. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



65 




T JUDGE CLARENCE HALE. 

1869; admitted to the bar 1871 £5 Tloea^ fn p^ ' „ ^uated Bowdoin College 
a large practice. Member stoteX SS/lSV V i Where he S ^ tly acquired 
the U. S. District Court in lono !„ , 1 18S.>-SG. He was appointed judge of 

for eighteen years On March 11 ^s^L*™ £ e 7 ed in th - at important position 
Margaret Rollins of Portland £i 'S™, 6 WES U ^ te i in ma ™^ with 
ta«-»-* 1905 ' W^CIlSS USES Xr^^ber^,^ 



66 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




ROBERT F. DUNTON. 

Robert F. Dunton of Bel- 
fast, son oi Horatio and Julia 
Ann Dunton, was born in 
Searsmont, Elaine, Xovember 
24, 1S48. Educated at the 
East Maine Conference Sem- 
inary, Maine VVesleyan Sem- 
inary and Carlton College ; 
admitted to the bar in 1872; 
several times mayor of Bel- 
fast ; county attorney of 
Waldo county; member of the 
legislature 1907-08; state bank 
commissioner 191 1 -13. 

Mr. Dunton married, June 5, 
1878, Elizabeth -Mabel Farrar. 
Children : Helen Dunton Gil- 
chrest, March 31, 1879; Edith 
Dunton Cool, born March 22, 
1882; Florence Elizabeth Dun- 
ton, born October 20, 1883 ; 
William Farrar Dunton, born 
October 6, 1886. 



PERCIVAL P. BAXTER. 

Percival P. Baxter of Port- 
land, Maine, the son of James 
P. and Mahetable C. (Proc- 
ter) Baxter, was born in 
Portland, Xovember 22, 1876. 
He received his education in 
the public schools of his native 
city ; was graduated from 
Bowdoin College in 1898 and 
from Harvard Law School in 
1901, since which date he has 
been engaged in the practice 
of law in Portland. He was 
a, member of the Maine House 
of Representatives 1905-06, 
1917-20, and of the State Sen- 
ate 1909-10. Mr. Baxter has 
taken a prominent part in the 
movement for the conserva- 
tion of the Maine water 
powers for the benefit of 
Maine residents. He is un- 
married. 





REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



67 




EDWARD KENT. 

Born in Concord, N. H., January 8, 1802; Harvard College 1821 ; admitted 
to bar and located in Bangor, 1825 ; member Maine House of Representatives 
1828-29; Governor of Maine 1838 and 1841, Justice Supreme Judicial Court 
1859-1873. After his retirement from the Supreme bench practiced law in 
Bangor until his death which occurred May 19, 1877. 



68 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




U. S. SENATOR BERT M. FERNALD. 

Senator Fernalcl was born in West Pownal, Maine, April 26, 1858, the son 
of James H. and Betsey (Libby) Fernald. The senator states his business 
or profession is farmer and corn packer, and parenthetically, United States 
Senator. Senator Fernald held various town and county offices and in 1897- 
98 was a member of the Maine House of Representatives ; State Senator 
1899-02, and in 1909-10 was Governor of Maine. He became a member of 
the U. S. Senate in 1918. 

In 1878 he married Annie A. Keene. Children: James H, born 18S0; 
Mellie H, born 1884. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



69 




JUDGE BERTRAM L. SMITH. 

Judge Bertram L. Smith of the Penobscot Coumtv Superior Court was born in 
Exeter, Maine, November 20. 1S56, son of William and Rosima (Poss) Suiith 

He was admitted to the bar in 1877 and until 18SS practiced in Bangor, Maine. 
In the latter year he removed to Patten, Maine, where he remained until his 
appointment as judge of the Superior Court in Julv, 1919. Judge Smith was 
county attorney of Penobscot County 1897-1904; a member of the Maine House 
of Representatives 1907-8 and 1913-15. 

On October 16, 1879, he married Charlotte Louise Murch. Mrs. Smith died 
December 25, 1917. One child was born to them, Bertram L., Jr., born October 
16, 1880, who died September 29, 1903. 



7o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




WILLIS ELLIS PA'RSOXS. 



Willis Ellis Parsons, a son of Levi and Lydia (Ellis) Parsons, w;;s born 
in Sanigerville, Maine, May 16, 1854; read law with Augustus G. Lebroke, and 
was admitted to Piscataquis bar in 1S78 when a partnership was formed as 
Lebroke & Parsons, which continued until Mr. Parson's election as county attor- 
ney in 1884. He was county attorney of Piscataquis County 1S85-90 ; member 
of the Maine House of Representatives 1895-96 and of the Senate 1897-98. He 
has served as a member of the Republican State Committee 'and was presidential 
elector in 1912; for many years a trustee of Foxcroft Academy. From January, 
1914, until February 14. 1918. he was one of the trustees of the State Hospitals 
and School for Feeble Minded, serving practically all of his term as president of 
the board. On February 14. 191S, he entered upon the duties of Commissioner 
of Inland Fisheries and Game, being the first one to occuny that position after 
the abolishment of the old three men commission making the change to a single 
commissioner. 

Mr. Parsons is a prominent Odd Fellow and has served as Grand Patriarch of 
the Grand Encampment of Maine, also as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
Maine. 

He has acquired fame throughout the state as a political orator and public- 
speaker. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



7i 







GEORGE EVANS. 

Born in Hallowell, Maine, January 12, 1797; Bowdoin College 1815; 
admitted to Bar 1818; member of Maine House and served as speaker 1829; 
member of Congress 1 829-1 84 1 ; U. S. Senator 18411-1847*; attorney general 
of Maine 1850, 1854, 1856; died in Hallowell April 5, 1867. 



72 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




MATTHEW CHURCHILL MORRILL. 

Matthew Churchill Morrill of Gray, Maine, was born in Raymond, Maine, Nov. 
5, 1842, son of William and Maria B. (Churchill) Morrill. He was a member of 
the Second Maine Cavalry and was mustered out of service December 6, 1865. 
In the spring of 1866 he settled in Gray and for the many years of his long life 
has followed the occupation of farmer and lumbeiman. He carved most all of 
his present large farm out of the virgin forest. 

Mr. Moirrill was a representative to the legislature 1903-1904 and State senator 
1005-1908. He was the father of the bill to prohibit carrying old soldiers to the 
poorhouse; was prison inspector during Gov. Haines' administration. He has 
always been active in promoting the welfare of his town, county and state. 

He married, Jan. 12. 18(57, Mary Brown, b. May 17, 1842, d. Dec. 5, 1S72. Of 
this marriage there were three children-: Hugh P., b. Dec. 3, 18(58, d. June 7, 1800; 
John, b. June 8, 1870, d. Aug. SO, 1872; Mary B., b. Oct. 0, 1872, d. Nov. 26, 1895. 

He married second, Mary J. McConky, Jan. 17, 1874, b. Anr. 17, 1S55. Children 
of second marriage: Ada E.. b. Feb. 27, 1876, d. June 27. 18S0: John W., b. July 
7, 1878; George A., b. June 7, 1880; True C. b. Julv 23. 1881, d. Aug. 3, 18S4 ; 
True C, b. May 3, 18.84; Margarette E., b. May 29, 1895, d. Jan. 5, 1896. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 73 




PETER CHARLES KEEGAN. 

Peter Charles Keegan, the son of James and Lucy (Parent) Keegan, was born 
in Van Buren, Maine, May 13, 1850. He secured his education in such .schools 
as this frontier country then afforded and completed his academic education at 
the University of New Brunswick. Mr. Keegan was admitted to the bar in 1SCS9 
and settled in his native town of Van Buren. He has served nine terms as a 
representative to the legislature. In 1007 he was appointed by Governor Cobb 
a member of the commission to inquire .into the advisability of establishing a 
State Board of Charities and Corrections, and January 12. 1000. was appointed by 
President Roosevelt a member on the piart of the United States of the St. John 
Kiver Commission, serving until March 1, 1910, when the duties of the commission 
were completed. 

Mr. Keegan is the pu+hor of the chapter on the Histo'-y of the Catholic Church 
in Maine in the C-tholic Encyclopedia published New York. 1010. pages 541-548. 

On August 5. 1S84. Peter Charles Keegan was united in marriage with Mary 
Sharkey of Fred3iickton, New Brunswick. They have no children. 



74 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 




LEOX G. C. BROWN. 

Leon Oilman Carteton 
Brown of Milo, was born in 
Medford, Maine, May 27, 
1881, the son of William E. 
and Florence A. (Sawtelle) 
Brown. Mr. Brown received 
his legal training at the Uni- 
versity of Maine Law School, 
and after his admission to the 
bar located in Milo where he 
has been prominent in the 
municipal affairs of the town. 
He has been town clerk of 
Milo since 19.06; was county 
attorney of Piscataquis county 
1911-12, and was a member of 
the Inland Fish and Game 
Commission 1 916- 18. Mr. 
Brown is prominent in the 
Democratic councils of the 
state and is the present Demo- 
cratic nominee for Congress 
from the Fourth District. 

He married, August 3, 1907, 
Rose E. Holbrook. One child 
has been born to them, An- 
nctta Ruth, May 19, 1908. who 
died July 12, 1909. 



PATRICK THERRIAULT. 

Patrick Therriault of Grand 
Isle, Maine, was born in that 
town April 18, 1875, the son 
ot Isidore Therriault and 
Philomene Daigle. He was 
educated at the Madawaska 
Training School and Van Bu- 
ren College. By occupation 
Mr. Therriault is a merchant. 
He was a member of the 
House of Representatives 
1905-06 and of the Senate 
1907-10. He has been County 
Commissioner of Aroostook 
county since 191 1. 

He married, August 7, 1897, 
Zelie Morneault. Children : 
Edmond, born January 21, 
1899 ; Alma, born March 19, 
1904. 




REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



75 




\\ ILLIAM PEXX WHITEHOUSE. 

Former Chief Justice Whitehouse was born in Vassalborough, Maine, 
April 9, 1842, the son of John R. and Hannah (Percival) Whitehouse. 

He was graduated from Colby College 1863; was admitted to Kennebec 
County bar in 1865, and in December, 1866, located in Augusta, Maine. For 
seven years he was county attorney of Kennebec county, and for twelve! 
years judge of the Kennebec Superior Court. In 1890 he was appointed an 
associate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court which position he held until 
1914 when he was elevated to Chief Justice. He retired from the court in 
1916, since which time he has practiced as a counselor-at-law. 

Chief Justice Whitehouse married, June 24, 1869, Evelyn M. Treat of 
Frankfort, Maine. Their only child is Robert Treat Whitehouse of Portland, 
born March 27, 1870, a leading member of the Maine bar. 



76 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




JOHN FAIRFIELD. 

Born Saco, Maine, January 30, 1797; admitted to Bar 1826; reporter of 
decisions 1832-1835; member of Congress 1835-39; Governor of Maine 
1839-43; U. S. Senator 1843 until his death which occurred in Washington. 
D. C-, December 24, 1847. 



REPRESENTATIVE MAINE MEN. 



77 




WILLIAM B. BERRY. 

William B. Berry of Gardiner, Maine, is a direct descendant of Lieut. 
Samuel Berry, whose daughter Lydia was the first white girl born in Gardi- 
ner. He was born December 23, 1866, on his father's ship " Washington " off 
Cape Horn. His parents were Capt. Arthur C. and Charlotte Lambert Berry. 

iMr. Berry is a prominent Maine business man. He organized the Augusta, 
Gardiner and Boothbay Steamboat Company and made a success of the 
Augusta and Bath Steamboat Company. He also organized the Berry-Clark 
Company of Portland, and is at present 'sales manager for the American 
Soda Fountain Company of Boston, Massachusetts, for Maine, the maritime 
provinces and Newfoundland. On June 7, 1886, he was united in marriage 
with Alice L. Maxcy. Children: Doris M., born July 30, 1887; Gladys M., 
born September 20, 1889; William C, born May 30, 10x19. iMr. Berry is vice 
president of the Maine society, S. A. R. 



;8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 




FREEMAN D. DEARTH. 

Freeman D. Dearth of Dex- 
ter, Maine, was born in San- 
gerville, Maine, April 16, 1861, 
the sen of Freeman D. and 
Mary B. Dearth. He was 
graduated from Foxcroft 
Academy 1881, Maine Central 
Institute 1883, Bowdoin Col- 
lege, 1887. Read law and 
located in Dexter. Has been 
judge of Dexter Municipal 
Court and was postmaster of 
Dexter; representative to the 
Legislature 1917-18, and State 
Senator 1919-20, and was re- 
cently appointed Reporter of 
Decisions. Unmarried. 



(To b9 con'.inu:d.) 




Camp of the Second Maine Cavalry. Augusta, Maine. This regiment was 
quartered here from the fall of 1863 until March, 1864. Formerly the old 
State Fair grounds. 

(Contributed by Mathew C. Morrill.) 



DOCUMENTARY. 79 



Maine Centennial Documentary Items 

The following official documents are true copies of records of the State of 
Maine in the office of the Secretary of State at Augusta. 

' Boston, March 2, 1820. 

Sir: 

As several Gentlemen from the District of Maine, members of 
the Legislature, were desirous that the Proclamations to observe 
a day for public Fasting and Prayer, in April next, should be sent 
to the several religious societies there, as formerly, they will be 
forwarded to the Sheriffs of the respective Counties of the Dis- 
trict. For should Congress give consent to the Separation of 
Maine before that time, a distinct government will not be organ- 
ized. And it is presumed, that the good people in that District 
"will be disposed to unite with their brethren in "this part of the 
State, in fervent and humble supplications to the Almighty, for 
his favor upon the various interests and concerns of the whole 
ancient Commonwealth. 

I am, with sentiments of esteem 

ALDEN BRADFORD, 

Secy, of Comth. 
Ashur Ware, Esq.. 
Secretary pro tern 
of the State of Maine 



Bath, October 13th, 1820. 
Dear Sir: 

The enclosed Proclamation I wish you to have printed on good 
paper, and in a way that will be creditable to us, you will direct 
to all the Clergimen you can ascertain, where they cannot be 
ascertained, I think it will be well to forward to the selectmen of 
the Towns, or the assessors of Plantations for their use — the Clerk 
and I am inclined to think you will circulate them as well as any 
way through the Post Office, taking care to pay the postage, which 
would be a grevious thing to a Clergiman. 

Should you adopt this mode, notice in the argus, to the Post 
Masters would be well to aid in having them forwarded to per- 
sons in Towns where there is no office. 

• I expect to leave the last of this week for the County of Som- 
erset to be absent a short time, say 10 or 12 days. 

Respectfully your 

Humble Servant, 

Ashur Ware, Esq. WILLIAM KING. 



8o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

Governor King's First Thanksgiving Day 
Proclamation 

Whereas, it is the duty of rational beings to acknowledge the 
wisdom of the Creator, and the beneficence of his Providence; it 
is therefore no less the dictate of reason than piety to worship 
that Supreme Power and perfect Goodness, which ordains in 
wisdom the diversified conditions of men. Yet more emphatically 
it is the duty of a people in whose condition, like that of the citi- 
zens of the State, a benevolent Providence has been pleased to 
grant so many favors, with so few of the evils, which usually fall 
to the lot of man, publicly and unitedly to acknowledge, by every 
expression of grateful veneration, the mercies of that Being, who 
has distinguished them by such peculiar and signal favors. 

I therefore, William King, by the advise of the Council, and 
in conformity with the usage of our ancestors, who have left us 
so many examples of mortal wisdom and rational piety, do appoint 
Thursday, the thirtieth day of November next, to be observed by 
the good citizens of this State, as a day of Thanksgiving and 
Praise ; and I do exhort them to assemble in their respective places 
of- public worship, and to unite in devout ascriptions of praise to 
that Providence which has signalized them by so many favors ; — 
That we are blessed with a system of government, founded on 
the natural rights of man, and wisely adopted to maintain the 
peace and order of society, to preserve our liberties, to promote 
the general happiness and to diffuse the advantages of education 
and useful knowledge among all ranks of people. 

That with the inestimable blessings of a pure and holy faith, 
we enjoy the advantages of religious freedom and universal tolera- 
tion ; and the various religious sects divide from each other in 
their speculation abstruse points of theology, uncontrolled by any 
power but that to which they all owe obedience, all may unite 
under the great moral precepts of religion, in the harmony of 
Christian love ! That while we see other nations involved in 
alarming confusion, and divided into acrimonious factions by the 
domestic dissentions of their rulers, or struggling with generous 
devotion to repair the mischief of a long period of hereditary mis- 
rule, or reclaiming with violence the rights, which had been by 
violence usurped, and laying the foundation of civil liberty and 



DOCUMENTARY. 81 



national prosperity, in the tears and blood of the brave and the 
good, we behold in this country a people prosperous in their indus- 
try and happy under rulers of their choice, and laws of their own 
making, and in the midst of present tranquility, gladden with a 
prospect of a lengthened period of happiness and repose. 

That while other nations, and some of our sister states, have 
been during the present year, visited with distressing and deso- 
lating sickness, to the people of this state it has been a season of 
general health ; That the treasures of the great deep have rewarded 
the diligence of our fishermen; that commerce, left free to the 
enterprise of our merchants, and wisely regulated as it relates to 
foreign nations, has been prosecuted with increasing success; 
and that the labors of the husbandman have by a fruitful and 
salubrious season, been crowned with plenty. 

And while our grateful recollections on the undeserved mercies 
which we have received, may we not forget that all human virtue, 
like all human happiness, is imperfect; may we humble ourselves 
before the perfections of that Being, whom we have so often 
offended, and with praise for his manifold kindnesses, join our fer- 
vent supplications that we may in the future so live as to be more 
worthy of his favor; and that by uniting to the virtues of good 
citizens of this State may continue to bring down on themselves 
the blessings of that Providence which has hitherto distinguished 
them among the nations of the world by such peculiar mercies. 

Given at the Council Chamber in Portland, this second day of 
September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred 
and twenty ; and in the forty-fifth year of the independence of the 
United States of America. 

WILLIAM KING. 

By the Governor. 

Ashur Ware, Secretary of State. 



Secretary of State's Office, 

Portland, Nov. 24, 1820. 
Hon. William Pitt Preble, 

Sir: — I am directed by the Governor and Council to inform 
you, that you, with the Hon. Prentiss Mellen, Chief Justice, and 
Hon. Nathan Weston, Junior, one of the Justices of the Supreme 
Judicial Court, have been duly appointed a Board of Jurispru- 



82 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 



dence, under Resolve of the Legislature passed the 15th day of 
June last. 

I have the honor to be, Sir, etc., 

Your most obedient servant, 

ASHUR WARE. 



(From an editorial in the Easton Argus of March 14, 1820) 
* * * Maine is at last admitted into the Union ; and from and 
after the fifteenth day of this month takes her rank as a Free 
Sovereign and Independent State. The die is cast; the question 
is settled ; and another glory is added to the star spangled banner. 
The long delayed hopes of the people are at last gratified. Maine 
has now the essential attribute of a free state, the power to man- 
age her own affairs in her own way, without control, let, or hind- 
rance from any one. In the overflowing of joy on finding that it 
is so, perhaps we are not disposed to examine so critically as we 
ought into the means by which this glorious and happy result has 
been effected. At least we will not affect to regret that Missouri 
is admitted with precisely the same rights as we have always 
claimed, and which are at last conceded ; the right of managing 
her own concerns in her own way. 



Secretary of State's Office, 

Portland, 6 March, 1827. 
Hon. Joel Wellington, Albion: 

Sir: — I am directed by the Executive to notify you that you 
have this day been appointed by the Governor, with advice of 
Council, the Agent in behalf of this State, for the purpose of lay- 
ing out a road, to begin near the Penobscot river, and at the Mata- 
nawcook, where it will unite with the road from Sunkhaze to said 
Matanawcook, and to extend from thence to Houlton Plantation, 
under the Resolve, entitled " Resolve for locating a road from 
Matanawcook to Houlton," passed the seventeenth day of Feb- 
ruary last, a copy of which Resolve is hereunto annexed : And 
you are hereby authorized, by the Governor and Council, in pur- 
suance of the provisions of the Resolve aforesaid to select the 
most suitable route, between the points aforesaid, for the location 
of the road aforesaid, and, when you shall have completed the 
laying out thereof, you will return a plan of the same to the Land 



DOCUMENTARY. 83 



Office of this State, and present your account of expenses therein 
to the Governor and Council for allowance. 
I have the honor to be etc., 

A. NICHOLS, Secretary of State. 



Secretary of State's Office, 

Portland, February 18, 1828. 
Mrs. John Baker, Madatmska, Maine: 

Madam : — The Resolve, a copy of which is annexed, having 
been passed by the legislature, I am authorized by the Council to 
inform you, that any supplies which may be necessary for the sup- 
port of your family during the imprisonment of your husband 
Mr. John Baker, at Frederickton, on the grounds on which he is 
at present detained will be paid out of the Treasury of this State. 
The accounts must be furnished with a proper authentication of 
their correctness, and satisfactory testimony of the propriety and 
necessity of the supplies. A direction to the Secretary of State 
of any communication you may wish to make will probably ensure 
its safe direction. 

I am Madam, very respectfully 

Your most obedient servant, 

A. NICHOLS, Secretary of State. 



In 1902 a large and excellent public fountain was erected in the 
village of the historic town of Fryeburg, Maine. It is a memorial 
fountain, and the following inscription appears upon a granite 
shaft, telling its own story : 

In memory of John Stevens, an early settler in this town, who spent 
the winter here in 1762-3. Erected by his great grandson, Henry Pierce 
of San Francisco, California, 1902. 

The fountain stands in the center of the village, on the south 
side of Main street, at the head of Portland street. 

The memorial is made of white Hallowell granite, resting upon 
a base seven to eight feet square and two feet thick. On the base 
rests four large pieces of granite, three for bowls for animals and 
one with faucet and cup for the people. The entire structure is 
18 feet high. It weighs nearly 30 tons. 



84 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Bishop Fenwick to Gov. Lincoln 

Boston, Dec. 18, 1827. 

His Excellency, Enoch Lincoln, Governor of the State of Maine: 

vS'ir: — I have been anxious this some time past to communicate 
to your Excellency my views respecting the Passamaquoddy and 
Penobscot Tribe of Indians. Standing as I do in relation to them 
and bound by my sacred office to do every thing in my power to 
promote their temporal as well as spiritual welfare, I have, ever 
since my arrival in Boston turned my thoughts to that matter. 
Hitherto several obstacles interposed — among these was the 
want of clergymen to supply the different congregations under 
my charge; and especially of such a one as would suit in every 
respect an Indian Mission. But happily I have now one ready 
who is every way calculated for this important work, and who, 
I trust, after a proper trial will be found to give the fullest satis- 
faction, not only to the Indians but to the State at large. As I 
wished, before I took any decisive step in the business, to see the 
ground, to become acquainted with the Indians, their character, 
names, habits, present mode of life, etc., as well as to examine 
what previous arrangements it might be proper to make in order 
that the plan I should propose to be adopted by the pastor, to be 
stationed among them, might be attended by every success, I, in 
the course of last summer, paid a visit to them. The following 
is the result of my observation and I submit it to your Excellency 
in the hope that the Government will approve of the measures I 
am about to adopt, and approving will assist and co-operate with 
me in my endeavor to render the two Tribes of Indians mentioned 
above, consisting of eight hundred souls, good Christians, a sober 
and industrious class of people and an intelligent and useful por- 
tion of the Commonwealth. 

I have observed when among them a strong and deep rooted 
attachment to their religion. This attachment pervades each and 
every individual of the two Tribes. Accordingly the first thing 
I propose to do is to send this next spring a proper Pastor among 
them, who shall be a native of this country, who shall reside among 
them and who shall devote the whole of his time to their instruc- 
tion and care. 



DOCUMENTARY. 85 



The next thing I propose is that this Pastor shall immediately 
open a school for the instruction of the Indian youth of both 
sexes, in English reading and writing and in Arithmetic, shall 
superintend this school in person and devote the chief part of his 
time to it. 

Thirdly, he shall use his best endeavors to inspire a love of 
Agriculture — to encourage and promote it by every means in his 
power — to encourage the building of proper and more convenient 
houses — the rearing of sheep, cattle, poultry, etc., and in process 
of time, and as soon as proper arrangements can be made for the 
purpose, to encourage the women to card, to spin, to weave and 
make their own clothing and that of their children. 

Thus an attempt will be made to better the condition of that 
interesting though long neglected class of people, which I pledge 
myself to follow up as far as my own exertions, influence and 
even pecuniary resources will allow ; and which from the obser- 
vations I have made respecting their character, etc., if Govern- 
ment will only second it, I am confident will be attended with the 
most happy success. 

I beg leave farther to represent to your Excellency, that there 
is no school house at present erected at the chief place of residence 
of the Penobscot tribe — nor have they a church fit for divine 
worship either at Penobscot or Pleasant Point; the church, how- 
ever, at this last place, with some repairs, may soon be rendered 
serviceable. It will advance the object materially if Government 
will. give directions to have these buildings put up or repaired as 
the case may require. In the hope that during the approaching 
session of the Legislature something will be done for these 
unhappy people, worthy of the State in which they reside, 

I remain with sentiments of the highest veneration and esteem, 



Your Excellency's Obt. Servt, 

B. FENWICK, B'p of B'n. 



(Secretary of State Records) 



86 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



Relating to the Aroostook Military Road 

(Contributed by AXXA BARNES Librarian of the Cary Public Library, 

Houlton, Me.) 

Through the kindness of Mr. Henry B. Black of Everett, Mass., 
formerly a resident of Houlton, we have recently come into 
possession of a letter to Joseph Houlton, Esq., reading as follows: 







Fort Kent at Fort Kent, *Maine. 

Washington, Mar. 31, 1828. 
Dear Sir: 

I have the pleasure of informing you that a bill has this day 
passed the Senate for making a Military Road from the mouth 
of the Mattawampkeag to Mars Hill, and authorizing the Presi- 
dent to cause the United States Troops that are to be stationed 
on that frontier to be employed thereon. 

The bill also appropriates fifteen thousand dollars to be expended 
in making the road. 

Very respectfully, etc., 

ALBION K. PARRIS. 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY 



Entered as second class matter at the post office, Dover, Maine, by John 
Francis Sprague, Editor and Publisher. 

Terms: For all numbers issued during the year, including an index and 
all special issues, $1.00. Single copies of current volume, 25 cents; of pre- 
vious volumes, 50 cents. Bound volumes $2.00 each. 

Postage prepaid on all items, except bound volumes west of Mississippi 
River. 

Commencing with Vol. 3, the terms will be $1.00 only to subscribers who 
pay in advance, otherwise $1.50. 

This publication will be mailed to subscribers until ordered discontinued. 



OUR MESSAGE TO YOU 

FIRST TEACH THE BOY AND GIRL TO KNOW AND LOVE 
THEIR OWN TOWN, COUNTY AND STATE AND YOU HAVE 
GONE A LONG WAY TOWARD TEACHING THEM TO KNOW 
AND LOVE THEIR COUNTRY. 



TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS. 

Since the last issue of the Journal there has been a considerable 
increase in the cost of everything used by the printer in making 
this magazine. 

Just what course to pursue under the present conditions is quite 
a problem with the publisher. 

One thing is a positive fact, however, we must raise the sub- 
scription price or reduce the number of its pages. We shall 
pursue the latter course for the remainder of the current volume. 

The text of the next three or four numbers cannot exceed 46 
pages. 

We regret being obliged to do this but regard it as more desir- 
able than increasing the rates. 

By reason of this situation we have been compelled to omit from 
this centennial number several valuable articles. These will, how- 
ever appear, during the present volume. Among such are the 
New York address of Judge Clarence Hale on the State of Maine; 
a sketch of the Berry family of Gardiner ; a history of the Blaine 
Mansion by Norman L. Bassett, etc. 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 



When Maine became a state she possessed such an immense 
area of wild land and much of it was covered with, what was even 
then, valuable timber, that the office of Land Agent was one of 
the most important of all the state offices. 

Before this office was established by law, in 1824, under an act 
to promote the sale and settlement of Public Lands, the governor 
and council were empowered to appoint and commission an 
Agent to superintend and arrange the sale and settlement of these 
lands. 

James Irish was appointed such an agent and is frequently 
called the " first land agent of Maine." 

The Land Office was not organized until 1828. That year 
under an act to promote the settlement of public lands, the office 
was established, and Daniel Rose was appointed the first Land 
Assent by Gov. Lincoln. 



The Journal has in its files several articles of value to genealo- 
gists which we are obliged to omit in this issue, but they will 
appear in the next and succeeding numbers. 

The following are some of them : Franklin Pierce and the 
State of Maine, Chas. E. Waterman ; Ancestry of the Stewarts, 
A. W. Stewart ; Berry Genealogy, W. B. Berry ; Rev. Richard 
Gibson, R. W. Wormwood ; The Cleveland Family, Frank B. 
Miller; Continuation of the Revolutionary Pensions, Flagg; 
Monson Records, Prof. Mathews. 



..-.Coin and Stamp Collectors .:. 

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 

Prices I Pay — of every U. S. Coin 
worth over face — 15 cts. 



WANTED 

Rare Coins, Stamps .•and Curios 



What are your wants? Perhaps I 
can supply them 



Stamp Catalogues and other Philatelic and Numismatic 
literature at publishers prices 

W. B. GOULD 

292 Hammond St. Bangor, Maine 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



MAKING MAINE HISTORY 

Central Maine Power Company Is Playing a 
Big Part In the Building of the State 

IN the little town of Skowhegan, a valiant army 
of 1 20 men is fighting grimly for the welfare 
of Maine, struggling incessantly against nature 
that the industries and people of The Pine Tree 
State may have their light and power furnished 
by one of nature's greatest forces — a river! 



The Kennebec River at Skowhegan where Central Maine Power 
Company is making its big Power Development. 

Tremendously picturesque to watch, is this 
battle of man against nature; matching his wits 
against brute force; wresting from the very soil 
and rocks of Maine the light and power necessary 
to her proper development. For nature does 
not give up her bounties willingly — they must be 
earned with honest toil backed by brains and 
engineering skill. 




We have positive evidence of the reliability oflheadvertisers on these "pages 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 



The latest crusade is the development of the Central Maine 
Power Company at Skowhegan, which in the future will be of 
tremendous import to the people and industries of Maine. By 
harnessing the Kennebec River at Skowhegan, the Company will 
more than double its waterdeveloped horse power and reduce its 
operating expenses of steam power plants by seme $92,000 a year 
in addition to furnishing more power to Maine industries ready 
to buy it and the new industries to come. 

At a single stroke more than doubling its capacity to generate 
electricity ! Surely this is a cause worthy of an unyielding fight 
with the rushing waters of the river and the elements. 



The power that lies in Maine 
rivers is an asset too important 
to be overlooked, especially in 
view of power situations in 
other sections of the country 
The coal shortage has assumed 
serious proportions and has 
driven many industries to look- 
ing forward to the day when 
they must either move their 
plants to points where they can 
get hydro-electric power — 
water power — or go out of 
business. 

The vision of those pioneers 
in Maine history who could see 
the rushing of the waters 
transformed into heat, light 
and power, is coming true. The 
first big steps are well under 
way ! 

The Central Maine's Skow- 
hejan development will ulti- 
mately produce more than 



20,000 horsepower — one of the 
biggest power developments in 
the State. 

The immediate effect of the 
Skowhegan development will 
be to save the Central Maine 
Power Company a very ap- 
preciable part of its steam out- 
lay which amounted to about 
$92,000 in the past year, i:i 
addition to doubling its power 
generating capacity. 

The Skowhegan work now 
being done is costing in the 
neighborhood of $750,000 and 
will be financed by t'he sale of 
the company's seven percent 
preferred stock which is being 
offered at the present time at 
$107.50 per share. Hundreds 
of the company's customers 
are also stockholders and share 
in the profits earned by its de- 
velopments. 



The Central Maine Power Company has some interesting 
printed matter bearing on this Skowhegan development and its 
potent to Maine investors. The coupon printed below will bring 
this material to any one interested, if mailed to the Com^pny. 



Central Maine Power Co., Augusta, Maine 

Please send me your new circular on the Skowhegan 
Development and Central Maine Power Company pre- 
ferred stock. 

Name 

S. J-> June, 1920. Address 



We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

The 

^aterbtlle 

JfHowmg 

enttnel 




Serves Crisp, Clean, Reliable News 

To You 

Every Morning at Breakfast 

And 

Gets It to You First 

All the home news of Central Maine and full Associated 

Press Report. 

No waste, no warmed over matter, no padding, 

JUST NEWS. 

Read it every morning and keep in touch with the 

world. 

Only $5 per year, by mail, 

(In 1st, 2nd and 3rd Postal Zones.) 

We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

- 

Spragues Journal of 
Maine History 



Should be in the hands of every teacher of 
the Youth of Maine, whether in the smallest 
plantation school or the biggest college in 
the State. 



Published Quarterly at $1 per year 



Address:- 

Spragues Journal 

Dover, Me. 

We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY 



EASTERN TRUST & BANKING Co., of Bangor, Maine 

Capital $1 75,000 Surplus and Profits Earned $680,000 

Frederick W. Hill, Chairman of the Board 
C. D. Crosby, President James W. Cassidy, Vice President 

H. A. Littlefield, Treasurer E. E. McFarland, Asst. Treasurer 

Accounts of Firms, Individuals, Manufacturers and Banks 

Received Upon Favorable Terms 
SAVINGS DEPARTMENT SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 
BRANCHES in Machias, Old Town, Dexter 

MAINE SAVINGS BANK 

No. 244 Middle Street, Cor. Cross Street, Portland, Maine 

Every dollar you save today by thrift and economy will help to reduce the 

cost of living 
The money you save now will increase in purchasing power as cost of 

living decreases 
Have a systematic plan of saving— We invite your Account 

Small deposits and often is the sure way 
Deposits Commence Interest on the First Day of Every 

Month 



The NEW MANHATTAN CAFE— 198-200 Exchange St. 

POPULAR WITH ALL AUTOISTS 

Don't forget when you come to Bangor to 
be sure and stop at the Manhattan. You 
can get the best meal or luncheon in the city 
— Ladies' dining room upstairs. 

J. H. RUSSELL, Proprietor 
H.ET USIiElFtoU^QUIP YOUR OFFICE 

That's our business. We gladly offer suggestions and recommendations — 
show you the best to file — arrange your correspondence so that when you 
want a certain paper you get it — quick. Let us prove it. 

We offer you office equipment, not as separate pieces of furniture, but 
as essential parts of your business machine. A carelessly chosen Desk, Safe, 
Chair or File may impare the efficiency of your entire office. Your request 
for assistance will bring you the immediate advice of our specialists in 
Office Equipment. 

LORING, SHORT and HARMON 

Monument Square Portland, Maine 

We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages 



SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY. 

Books of Maine 



ABBOTT, John S. C. The Hi 
tory of Maine, from the Earliest 
Discovery. Svo, clo., Boston, 1875. 

$2.00 

GENEALOGICAL and Family 
History of the State of Maine. Ed- 
ited by George T. Little. 4 vols. 
Quarto, half morocco. New York, 
1909. $12.50 

HOLMES, H. E. Makers of 
Maine. Svo, cloth. Lewiston, 1912. 

$1.50 

Treats largely on the work of the 
early Jesuit Missionaries to the In- 
dian Tribes in Maine. 

PISCATAQUIS County Histori- 
cal Society Collections. Vol. I, all 
published. Svo, cloth. Dover, Maine. 
iqio. $2.00 

BOOTHBAY, Southport and 
Boothbay Harbor, 1623-1905. Illus. 
by Maps, Cuts, and Portraits. Svo, 
cloth, pp. 693. Portland, 1906. 

$4.00 

Genealogy pp. 465-647. 

CORINNA, A Brief History of, 
1804-1916. By Lillie E. Wood. Svo, 
Boards, pp. 56, Bangor, 1916. $1.25 

pp. 44, Marriage intentions, Mar- 
riages and Births, 1817-1833. 

GORHAM, History of. By Hugh 
D. McLellan. Edited by his daugh- 
ter, Katherine B. Lewis ('with Gene- 
alogy). Svo, cloth, pp. 860. Port- 
land, 1903. $6.50 

Genealogy, pp. 383-843. 

PEAKS ISLAND and Its People. 
Hist, of; also a short Hist, of House 
Island. By Nathan Goold. Svo, 
cloth. 99, 84. Portland, 1897. With 
Genealogy. $1.75 

Genealogy, pp. 46-76. 



SACO Valley Settlements and 
Families. Historical, Biographical, 
and Genealogical. (Over 700 pages 
Genealogy). 8vo, cloth, pp. 1250. 
Portland, 1895. $10.00 

WALDOBORO, History of, by 
Samuel Miller. Svo, cloth, pp. 281. 
n. p. 1910. $2.25 

SEWALL, R. K. Ancient Do- 
minions of Maine. Svo, cloth, Bath, 
1859. $6.00 

KOHL, J. C. Documentary His- 
tory of the State of Maine. Edited 
by William Willis. Vol. 1 contain- 
ing a History of the Discovery of 
Maine. Svo, cloth, Portland, 1869. 

$3.00 

MAINE Historical Collections. 
First Series, 10 vols; Second Series, 
10 vols ; Third Series, 2 vols ; Docu- 
mentary Series, 24 vols ; in all 46 
vols. Svo, cloth, v. d. $140.00 

Many odd vols, in stock at $3.00 
each. 

SYLVESTER, H. M. Maine 
Pioneer Settlements (Maine Coast 
Romances). Vol. 1, Old Kittery; 
Vol. 2, Old York; Vol. 3, The 
Sokoki Trail; Vol. 4, Old Peraa- 
quid; Vol. 5, Land of St. Castine. 
5 vols. Svo, cloth. Boston, 1909. 

$7-.SO 

EASTPORT and Passamaquoddy. 
A Collection of Historical and Bio- 
graphical Sketches, compiled by W. 
H. Kilby. Svo, cloth. Eastport, 
1888. $3.00 

MACHIAS, Narrative of the 
Town of. With Genealogies. By 
Geo. W. Drisko. Svo, cloth, pp. 589. 
Machias, 1904. $3-5° 

Genealogy, pp. 345-5&>- 



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